Max Perutz (1914-2002) was an Austrian biologist who immigrated to UK during Second World War. His work on protein crystallography and the solution of 3-D structure of hemoglobin at the atomic resolution won him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1962. He joined Cavendish Laboratory as a young man and was assigned the task of solving the 3-D structure of proteins by X-ray crystallography, at a time when this method was only used for solving the structure of small molecules and fibrous macromolecules. It took twenty years for him to achieve the goal.

The double-edged sword modern science wields has excited controversy for years, and there is no end to the debate in sight. The genetic engineering that may one day cure cancer could also deprive the human race of its very individuality. Chemicals like DDT, which have increased food production the world over--saving millions from starvation--have also seriously polluted our environment. And most notoriously, the nuclear technology that provides us with cheap and efficient energy also fuels the horrifying weaponry of Armageddon. Such contradictions have prompted Nobel Prize-winning scientist Max F. Perutz to ask quite simply "Is science necessary?"

Throughout this provocative collection of essays--a unique blend of history, criticism, philosophy, and memoir--Perutz answers his question with a resounding "yes." Ranging from the title piece, where he examines the crucial role science has played in every aspect of modern life, to striking portraits of such great scientists as Alexander Fleming, Ernest Rutherford, Max Planck, and Chaim Weizmann, Perutz's essays demonstrate how "the survival of nature and of civilization" depends upon an intelligent and scrupulous application of science, and an understanding--by all of us--of its basic ways and means.

Some of the most compelling essays are of a personal nature. "Enemy Alien" tells the troubling story of Perutz's deportation from England as a German national during the Second World War. He provides fascinating insights into the secret military projects he worked on after the war, the most interesting of which a futuristic attempt to convert icebergs into aircraft carriers. And throughout Perutz writes of the excitement of discovery--whether of a revolutionary new medicine like penicillin or of theories such as quantum physics that forever changed the way we look at the world.

Far from being "a soulless hermit toiling away at abstruse problems that he cannot explain except in incomprehensible gibberish," the scientist, as Perutz presents him, is as impassioned as the artist, and it is from his creative energies that the most important advances in science emerge. Moving, humorous, clearly written, and, above all, enlightening, these essays help readers become aware not only of the indispensable function of science in today's world, but of the very nature of scientific inquiry itself.