'The topic of this book is in the middle of a hundred years old battlefield. Psychoanalysisis an essential part of the self-understanding of a western man, but it has also been heavily criticized from its beginnings. The unconscious enjoys a key role in psychoanalytic thinking - Freud even called his ideas concerning the unconscious a 'cornerstone' of psychoanalysis. Thus, when focusing on the psychoanalytic - and cognitive neuroscience-views of the unconscious, one cannot keep apart from those heated Freud-wars. For decades psychoanalysis has a monopoly for the unconscious. In the 1980's, however, cognitive orientation interested in consciousness, and that was followed by the boom of study of the unconscious. The unconscious has been studied it in the scope of several empirical settings, and under variety of concepts - at least the terms implicit memory, implicit knowledge, procedural knowledge, semantic activation without conscious identification, and tacit knowledge has to be mentioned. In this book, I aim at show how the psychoanalysts' answer might be seen in terms of the cognitivists' ones - it is created an approach, through which phenomena found by psychoanalysts can be studied in the framework of cognitive neuroscience. The approach takes seriously both the clinical data gathered in the scope of clinical practise of psychoanalysis during the past 110 years, and the empirical and theoretical achievements of the present-day cognitive neuroscience and evolutionary theory' - The Author from the Introduction.