詹姆斯•索罗维基(James Surowiecki)
《纽约客》杂志特约撰稿人。他的文章见诸很多出版物,包括《纽约时报》《华尔街日报》《艺术论坛报》《连线》杂志和《候选人名单》杂志。索罗维基最初在《纽约客》杂志的“金融专版”阐述了群体智慧的思想,回答了美国社会长期以来对群体智慧和团队决策能力的质疑。
While our culture generally trusts experts and distrusts the wisdom of the masses, New Yorker business columnist Surowiecki argues that "under the right circumstances, groups are remarkably intelligent, and are often smarter than the smartest people in them." To support this almost counterintuitive proposition, Surowiecki explores problems involving cognition (we're all trying to identify a correct answer), coordination (we need to synchronize our individual activities with others) and cooperation (we have to act together despite our self-interest). His rubric, then, covers a range of problems, including driving in traffic, competing on TV game shows, maximizing stock market performance, voting for political candidates, navigating busy sidewalks, tracking SARS and designing Internet search engines like Google. If four basic conditions are met, a crowd's "collective intelligence" will produce better outcomes than a small group of experts, Surowiecki says, even if members of the crowd don't know all the facts or choose, individually, to act irrationally. "Wise crowds" need (1) diversity of opinion; (2) independence of members from one another; (3) decentralization; and (4) a good method for aggregating opinions. The diversity brings in different information; independence keeps people from being swayed by a single opinion leader; people's errors balance each other out; and including all opinions guarantees that the results are "smarter" than if a single expert had been in charge. Surowiecki's style is pleasantly informal, a tactical disguise for what might otherwise be rather dense material. He offers a great introduction to applied behavioral economics and game theory.
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前两天读了《群体的智慧:如何做出最聪明的决策》,看这本书的时候,想到了其他一些书,建议一起阅读——《乌合之众》、《失控》。以下是观点摘录与评论: 群体是一种不依赖于任何组织的有机体,它不但有身份,还有自己的意志。和《失控》的观点一样,群体也会表现出其中任何个...
评分2005 / 03 / 23 在政治學的研究裡,當個體行為者面臨決策時,常會受到許多因素的干擾,這些因素又可歸結於三點:誤判──資訊太多可能掩蓋重要訊息,我們必須選擇性的接收外界資訊,而這些好不容易過濾的資訊,又有可能被自己誤判;情感偏見──我們可能因為個人信仰和理念、...
评分开始觉得是对勒庞思想的颠覆,但是读后觉得是相辅相成。因为两者对群体的定义不同,勒庞对群体的定义是无意识结构做主导时则形成群体,此时的群体做的决定是愚蠢,极端的。但索罗维基强调做出聪明决策的群体最主要一条就是要独立判断,要保持有意识结构,不被他人所影...
评分听说《乌合之众》很久没有看过,先看到了这本书。前言中叙述是为乌合之众打擂台的书觉得很兴趣。借来一阅。要想知道梨子的味道,不仅要尝尝梨子也要吃吃苹果。不然你怎知道梨子是你喜欢的呢? 书中用了大量的范例试图说明群体在决策中智慧的体现,很有说服力。就如...
评分不知道是翻译的问题,还是作者的写作方法比较学术。读起来有点不流畅,不过里面的很多例子是非常好的,至于作者的结论总结之类基本没怎么看
有种穿越时光看过去的人如何群情激昂的感觉。。。。
评分有种穿越时光看过去的人如何群情激昂的感觉。。。。
评分有种穿越时光看过去的人如何群情激昂的感觉。。。。
评分有种穿越时光看过去的人如何群情激昂的感觉。。。。
评分有种穿越时光看过去的人如何群情激昂的感觉。。。。
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