In this first comprehensive compilation of review chapters on this hot topic, more than 30 experts from around the world provide in-depth chapters on their specific areas of expertise, covering such essential topics as: Block Copolymer Systems, Nanofibers and Nanotubes Helical Polymer-Based Supramolecular Films Synthesis of Inorganic Nanotubes Gold Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes Recent Advances in Metal Nanoparticle-Attached Electrodes Oxidation Catalysis by Nanoscale Gold, Silver, and Copper Concepts in Self-Assembly Nanocomposites Amphiphilic Poly(Oxyalkylene)-Amines Mesoporous Alumina Nanoceramics for Medical Applications Ecological Toxicology of Engineered Carbon Nanoparticles Molecular Imprinting Near-Field Raman Imaging of Nanostructures and Devices Fullerene-Rich Nanostructures Interactions of Carbon Nanotubes with Biomolecules Nanoparticle-Cored Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers Nanostructured Organogels via Molecular Self-Assembly Structural DNA Nanotechnology With its coverage of all such important areas as self-assembly, polymeric materials, bionanomaterials, nanotubes, photonic and environmental aspects, this is an essential reference for materials scientists, engineers, chemists, physicists and biologists wishing to gain an in-depth knowledge of all the disciplines involved.