諾曼·萊文（Norman Levine），美國著名馬剋思學傢，曾先後在美國迪堡大學、馬裏蘭大學巴爾的摩分校、美國國際管理研究生院、美國紐約大學任曆史學教授，現為菲尼剋斯國際政策研究所執行主任。他在馬剋思與恩格斯關係、馬剋思與黑格爾關係等方麵的研究頗有建樹，以極端的“馬剋思恩格斯對立論”立場而聞名，在中國國內馬剋思主義學界産生較大的學術影響。代錶作有《可悲的騙局：馬剋思反對恩格斯》、《辯證法內部對話》、《不同的路徑：馬剋思主義與恩格斯主義中的黑格爾》等。

The product of eight years of research, Levine's study divides Marx's relation to Hegel into two provinces, areas of discontinuity and continuity. Marx's discontinuity from Hegel arose from his negation of the Hegelian System, the belief that Spirit was the predicative force in the universe. Marx's continuity with Hegel concerns Hegelian methodology, or the structural procedures of reason itself described in The Science Of Logic. Marx incorporated the organic image of Hegel and applied it to political economy and Marx interpreted economic systems, Das Kapital, as organic system. Completion of this study required that Levine not only master the bibliography of Marx, but that of Hegel as well and he discovered that a large trove of the manuscripts of the young Hegel were not available to Marx and were only published in the 20th Cent. In short, Georg Lukacs and Herbert Marcuse knew more of Hegel than Marx did. Marx's Discourse With Hegel is the first probe to answer three questions: * Which manuscripts of Hegel did Marx know? * Which manuscripts of Hegel did Marxnot know? * How the invisibility of these young Hegelian texts led to Marx's misreading of Hegel. The outcome of Marx's ignorance of early Hegel texts led to his misunderstanding of Hegel, but Marx still incorporated Hegelian methodology.