當一位跟他一道研究社會心理學和邏輯推理問題的中國學生有一天說瞭這樣一段話時,他深感震驚:“你知道,你我之間的差彆在於我認為世界是一個圓圈,而你認為它是一條直綫。中國人相信世界是在不斷變化的,但事物總是不斷地迴到其先前的狀態。他們關注許多現象,尋找事物之間的關係,他們認為不能瞭解整體你就不能理解局部。西方人生活的世界較為簡單、明確。他們把注意力放在突齣的物體或人上,而不是更全麵的現象上。他們認為他們可以控製事件的發生,因為他們瞭解支配事物行為的規律。”
From Publishers Weekly
This book may mark the beginning of a new front in the science wars. Nisbett, an eminent psychologist and co-author of a seminal Psychological Review paper on how people talk about their decision making, reports on some of his latest work in cultural psychology. He contends that "[h]uman cognition is not everywhere the same"-that those brought up in Western and East Asian cultures think differently from one another in scientifically measurable ways. Such a contention pits his work squarely against evolutionary psychology (as articulated by Steven Pinker and others) and cognitive science, which assume all appreciable human characteristics are "hard wired." Initial chapters lay out the traditional differences between Aristotle and Confucius, and the social practices that produced (and have grown out of) these differing "homeostatic approaches" to the world: Westerners tend to inculcate individualism and choice (40 breakfast cereals at the supermarket), while East Asians are oriented toward group relations and obligations ("the tall poppy is cut down" remains a popular Chinese aphorism). Next, Nisbett presents his actual experiments and data, many of which measure reaction times in recalling previously shown objects. They seem to show East Asians (a term Nisbett uses as a catch-all for Chinese, Koreans, Japanese and others) measurably more holistic in their perceptions (taking in whole scenes rather than a few stand-out objects). Westerners, or those brought up in Northern European and Anglo-Saxon-descended cultures, have a "tunnel-vision perceptual style" that focuses much more on identifying what's prominent in certain scenes and remembering it. Writing dispassionately yet with engagement, Nisbett explains the differences as "an inevitable consequence of using different tools to understand the world." If his explanation turns out to be generally accepted, it means a big victory for memes in their struggle with genes.
From Scientific American
Nisbett, a psychologist and Distinguished University Professor at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, used to believe that "all human groups perceive and reason in the same way." A series of events and studies led him gradually to quite another view, that Asians and Westerners "have maintained very different systems of thought for thousands of years." Different how? "The collective or interdependent nature of Asian society is consistent with Asians' broad, contextual view of the world and their belief that events are highly complex and determined by many factors. The individualistic or independent nature of Western society seems consistent with the Western focus on particular objects in isolation from their context and with Westerners' belief that they can know the rules governing objects and therefore can control the objects' behavior." Nisbett explores areas that manifest these different approaches--among them medicine, law, science, human rights and international relations. Are the societal differences so great that they will lead to conflict? Nisbett thinks not. "I believe the twain shall meet by virtue of each moving in the direction of the other."
这本书研究中西方思维差异,源于西方作者和一中国学生谈话,中国学生一个形象的说法“你与我之间的差异就是我认为世界是一个圆,而你认为是一条直线”。 东西思维差异总结: 关注和感知的模式:东方人关注环境而西方人关注物体,东方人比西方人更喜欢研究事件之间的关系。 关...
評分奶牛,公鸡,嫩草 如果把这三个分为两类,你要怎么分? 为什么西方人善于分类,长于逻辑,而东方人完成了易经?这个世界到底是一条直线还是一个圆圈? 我们应该简单还是高深?如果只有短短的几十年 就这样吧,这就是世界
評分1.人们在极不相同的文化中表现出来的社会心理特征并非是完全不可改变的。 2.缺乏好奇心是多数中国人的特点。中国(China就是“middle kingdom”,其实质上的涵义是指“世界的中心”)的居民对外国人带来的故事没有什么兴趣。而且,在中国,人们对知识本身从来没有过特别强烈的...
評分这本书是我大学一个课程的教科书,书浅显易懂用哲学的方式阐述了理论的来源,用例证或者说用实验证明了自己的观点,很让人信服。从希腊发源的西方思维与中国发源的亚洲思维的差异被很好地论证。 但是当我看了书中的两个实验过后对于它的取样产生了质疑,两次样本一次的样本中有...
評分这本书看的有点疲劳,但是总体来说非常喜欢。 读这本书可以让自己注意到一些思维上的死角,如果能经常留意弥补,应该对更加全面看待事物有很大帮助。 论证方式更像是篇长的survey+论文,因为每个观点都非常仔细的讨论是为什么想到要测试这个论点,来源是什么,如何设计实验,...
this is actually very cool,用paper的style 描述瞭東西方思維和cognition(認知)方麵的差異。Eye opening to me. http://site.douban.com/widget/photos/147762/
评分中西方思維差異
评分閱讀本書可以瞭解基於科學研究而得齣的東西方思維之差異
评分: K9/26
评分主中國和希臘為中心的亞洲和西方文化差異 從認知角度來寫的
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