The Geography of Thought 在線電子書 圖書標籤: 心理學 文化差異 思維 跨文化 文化 Psychology 認知 Culture
發表於2025-02-25
The Geography of Thought 在線電子書 pdf 下載 txt下載 epub 下載 mobi 下載 2025
中西方思維差異
評分: K9/26
評分東西方的差異從娃娃開始。
評分: K9/26
評分閱讀本書可以瞭解基於科學研究而得齣的東西方思維之差異
當一位跟他一道研究社會心理學和邏輯推理問題的中國學生有一天說瞭這樣一段話時,他深感震驚:“你知道,你我之間的差彆在於我認為世界是一個圓圈,而你認為它是一條直綫。中國人相信世界是在不斷變化的,但事物總是不斷地迴到其先前的狀態。他們關注許多現象,尋找事物之間的關係,他們認為不能瞭解整體你就不能理解局部。西方人生活的世界較為簡單、明確。他們把注意力放在突齣的物體或人上,而不是更全麵的現象上。他們認為他們可以控製事件的發生,因為他們瞭解支配事物行為的規律。”
From Publishers Weekly
This book may mark the beginning of a new front in the science wars. Nisbett, an eminent psychologist and co-author of a seminal Psychological Review paper on how people talk about their decision making, reports on some of his latest work in cultural psychology. He contends that "[h]uman cognition is not everywhere the same"-that those brought up in Western and East Asian cultures think differently from one another in scientifically measurable ways. Such a contention pits his work squarely against evolutionary psychology (as articulated by Steven Pinker and others) and cognitive science, which assume all appreciable human characteristics are "hard wired." Initial chapters lay out the traditional differences between Aristotle and Confucius, and the social practices that produced (and have grown out of) these differing "homeostatic approaches" to the world: Westerners tend to inculcate individualism and choice (40 breakfast cereals at the supermarket), while East Asians are oriented toward group relations and obligations ("the tall poppy is cut down" remains a popular Chinese aphorism). Next, Nisbett presents his actual experiments and data, many of which measure reaction times in recalling previously shown objects. They seem to show East Asians (a term Nisbett uses as a catch-all for Chinese, Koreans, Japanese and others) measurably more holistic in their perceptions (taking in whole scenes rather than a few stand-out objects). Westerners, or those brought up in Northern European and Anglo-Saxon-descended cultures, have a "tunnel-vision perceptual style" that focuses much more on identifying what's prominent in certain scenes and remembering it. Writing dispassionately yet with engagement, Nisbett explains the differences as "an inevitable consequence of using different tools to understand the world." If his explanation turns out to be generally accepted, it means a big victory for memes in their struggle with genes.
From Scientific American
Nisbett, a psychologist and Distinguished University Professor at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, used to believe that "all human groups perceive and reason in the same way." A series of events and studies led him gradually to quite another view, that Asians and Westerners "have maintained very different systems of thought for thousands of years." Different how? "The collective or interdependent nature of Asian society is consistent with Asians' broad, contextual view of the world and their belief that events are highly complex and determined by many factors. The individualistic or independent nature of Western society seems consistent with the Western focus on particular objects in isolation from their context and with Westerners' belief that they can know the rules governing objects and therefore can control the objects' behavior." Nisbett explores areas that manifest these different approaches--among them medicine, law, science, human rights and international relations. Are the societal differences so great that they will lead to conflict? Nisbett thinks not. "I believe the twain shall meet by virtue of each moving in the direction of the other."
为什么西方人见木,东方人见森?东西方思维差异的原因何在?这本书试图回答这些问题. 匆匆读完前两章,我就断定这是一本不可多得的好书! 其中启发最大的是,东西方思维方式的差异在于社会经济环境与社会实践的不同。但从中我得到的最大启发是:中国为什么多中央极权?是否和...
評分这本书最大的一个收获是明白我们看问题的角度是不同的,即使不是存在中西方的差异,也会存在很多个体间的差异,这是我们大多数人都忽略的问题。 整篇文章有点杂,有点模棱两可的味道,看了文字,就真的没有办法验证是对的还是错的呢,不过,它的价值不在于此,而是我们由之想到...
評分1.人们可以通过特定目标的培训来改变自己的思维习惯,以及行为。 2.不同群体特有的思维过程存在很大差异。 3.思维过程与对世界本质的信念是一致的,人们通过思维过程形成对世界的感知。 4.使用不同的工具可以使人们产生不同的理解。 5.人们的思维方式是自我增强、自我平衡的体...
評分 評分这本书最大的一个收获是明白我们看问题的角度是不同的,即使不是存在中西方的差异,也会存在很多个体间的差异,这是我们大多数人都忽略的问题。 整篇文章有点杂,有点模棱两可的味道,看了文字,就真的没有办法验证是对的还是错的呢,不过,它的价值不在于此,而是我们由之想到...
The Geography of Thought 在線電子書 pdf 下載 txt下載 epub 下載 mobi 下載 2025