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Open Sources 2.0 is a collection of insightful and thought-provoking essays from today's technology leaders that continues painting the evolutionary picture that developed in the 1999 book Open Sources: Voices from the Revolution .

These essays explore open source's impact on the software industry and reveal how open source concepts are infiltrating other areas of commerce and society. The essays appeal to a broad audience: the software developer will find thoughtful reflections on practices and methodology from leading open source developers like Jeremy Allison and Ben Laurie, while the business executive will find analyses of business strategies from the likes of Sleepycat co-founder and CEO Michael Olson and Open Source Business Conference founder Matt Asay.

From China, Europe, India, and Brazil we get essays that describe the developing world's efforts to join the technology forefront and use open source to take control of its high tech destiny. For anyone with a strong interest in technology trends, these essays are a must-read.

The enduring significance of open source goes well beyond high technology, however. At the heart of the new paradigm is network-enabled distributed collaboration: the growing impact of this model on all forms of online collaboration is fundamentally challenging our modern notion of community.

What does the future hold? Veteran open source commentators Tim O'Reilly and Doc Searls offer their perspectives, as do leading open source scholars Steven Weber and Sonali Shah. Andrew Hessel traces the migration of open source ideas from computer technology to biotechnology, and Wikipedia co-founder Larry Sanger and Slashdot co-founder Jeff Bates provide frontline views of functioning, flourishing online collaborative communities.

The power of collaboration, enabled by the internet and open source software, is changing the world in ways we can only begin to imagine.Open Sources 2.0 further develops the evolutionary picture that emerged in the original Open Sources and expounds on the transformative open source philosophy.

Foreword: Source Is Everything
Acknowledgments
List of Contributors
Introduction
Part I: Open Source: Competition and Evolution
Chapter 1: The Mozilla Project: Past and Future
Founding of the Mozilla Organization: Obvious for Developers, a Bold Step for Management
Young Adulthood！the Mozilla Foundation
The Future
Chapter 2: Open Source and Proprietary Software Development
Proprietary Versus Open Source?
Comfort
Distributed Development
Collaborative Development
Software Distribution
How Proprietary Software Development Has Changed Open Source
Some Final Words
Chapter 3: A Tale of Two Standards
The POSIX Standard
First Implementation Past the Post
Future Proofing
Wither POSIX?
The Win32 (Windows) Standard
The Tar Pit: Backward Compatibility
World Domination, Fast
Wither Win32?
Choosing a Standard
Chapter 4: Open Source and Security
Many Eyes
Open Versus Closed Source
Digression: Threat Models
The Future
Interesting Projects
Conclusion
Chapter 5: Dual Licensing
Business and Politics
Open Source: Distribution Versus Development
A Primer on Intellectual Property
Dual Licensing
Practical Considerations
Trends and the Future
Global Development
Open Models
The Future of Software
Chapter 6: Open Source and the Commoditization of Software
Commoditization and the IT Industry
Decommoditization: The Failure of Open Systems
Linux: A Response from the Trenches
"So, How Do You Make Money from Free Software?"
The First Business Models for Linux
Linux Commercialization at a Crossroads
Proprietary Linux?
What's at Stake?
Chapter 7: Open Source and the Commodity Urge: Disruptive Models for a Disruptive Development Process
Introduction
A Brief History of Software
A New Brand of Intellectual Property Protection
Open Distribution, Not Source
Open Source Business Models
Conclusion
Chapter 8: Under the Hood: Open Source and Open Standards Business Models in Context
Open Standards
Open Source Software
The Real Business Model
Open Source Complements
Open Standards Complements
Conclusion
Chapter 9: Open Source and the Small Entrepreneur
Introduction
Freemacs and Open Source
Freemacs and Business
Packet Drivers
Packet Driver Income
Qmail
Open Source Economics
Where Do We Go from Here?
For Further Reading
Chapter 10: Why Open Source Needs Copyright Politics
From Movable Type to MovableType
Copyright in Code
Secondary Liability
Anticircumvention
The Threat to Research
Technology Mandates
What About That Media Server?
Chapter 11: Libre Software in Europe
Brief Summary of an Already Long History
The Development Community
The Organization of the Community
Libre Software in the Private Sector
Public Administrations and Libre Software
Legal Issues
Libre Software in Education
Research on Libre Software
The Future Is Hard to Read....
Chapter 12: OSS in India
Business
Government
Challenges in Local Adoption of OSS
OSS in Education
Conclusion
Chapter 13: When China Dances with OSS
What OSS Was and Is in China
SWOT Analysis of OSS in China
Where OSS Is Going for China and Beyond
Chapter 14: How Much Freedom Do You Want?
Livre Versus Gratis
Background for Freedom: The Market
Developing the Software Livre Movement
Not About Price, but About Choice
Choice Requires More Than Free Software
How Java Technology Can Help
Java Provides the Other Side of the Choice
Walking the Path
What to Do?
We Are Getting There
References
Part II: Beyond Open Source: Collaboration and Community
Chapter 15: Making a New World
Chapter 16: The Open Source Paradigm Shift
Software as Commodity
Network-Enabled Collaboration
Customizability and Software-as-Service
Building the Internet Operating System
Conclusion
Chapter 17: Extending Open Source Principles Beyond Software Development
How Did It Happen and How Does It Work?
Working as a Group
Dealing with the Disrupters
The Difference Between Doing Legal Research in Public and Writing Software in Public
Why and When It Works
Chapter 18: Open Source Biology
The Rise of Modern Biotechnology
Intellectual Property and Growing Challenges
Open Source Biology
Synthetic Biology and Genomic Programming
The Risk of Biological Hacking
Future Trends in Open Source Biology
Chapter 19: Everything Is Known
The PACT Project
The World Trade Center Recovery Effort
Facilitating Emergent Collaboration
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 20: The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir
Some Recent Press Reports
Nupedia
The Origins of Wikipedia
Wikipedia's First Few Months
A Series of Controversies
My Resignation and Final Few Months with the Project
Final Attempts to Save Nupedia
Conclusions
Chapter 21: Open Beyond Software
Sports Equipment Innovation by Users and Their Communities
Community-Based Innovation and Development: An Even Broader Phenomenon
Reframing: Where Does Innovation Come From?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 22: Patterns of Governance in Open Source
The Empirical Problem Set: What Are We Aiming At?
The Theoretical Problem: How Is Knowledge Distributed?
Design Principles for a Referee Function
What Should We Do Differently?
Chapter 23: Communicating Many to Many
The Origins of Slashdot
Slashdot in the Early Days
The Slashdot Effect
Trolls, Anonymous Cowards, and Insensitive Clods
Columbine
Slashdot Grows Up
September 11
Conclusion
Part III: Appendixes
Appendix A: The Open Source Definition
The Open Source Definition, Version 1.9
Appendix B: Referenced Open Source Licenses
The BSD License
The GNU General Public License (GPL)
The Sleepycat License
The Creative Commons License
Appendix C: Columns from Slashdot
Simple Solutions
Why Kids Kill
Colophon
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