Full House 在線電子書 圖書標籤: 生物 科普 演化 生命的壯闊 Full_House 英文原版 科學 文化
發表於2024-09-12
Full House 在線電子書 pdf 下載 txt下載 epub 下載 mobi 下載 2024
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評分斯人已逝--您的簽名還留在扉頁上。????
評分斯人已逝--您的簽名還留在扉頁上。????
評分evolution不是一個完全正麵的概念。氣場非常強的論說。
評分= =
斯蒂芬·傑·古爾德(Stephen Jay Gould),當今世界上著名的進化論者,古生物學傢、科學史學傢和科學散文作傢。1945年生於紐約,在安蒂奧剋學院,哥倫比亞大學研讀古生物並獲博士學位。現任教於哈佛大學,並從事研究工作。主要著作有《自達爾文以來》、《熊貓的拇指》、《漢斯的牙與馬的蹄》、《八頭小豬》等。
Few would question the truism that humankind is the crowning achievement of evolution; that the defining thrust of life's history yields progress over time from the primitive and simple to the more advanced and complex; that the disappearance of .400 hitting in baseball is a fact to be bemoaned; or that identifying an existing trend can be helpful in making important life decisions. Few, that is, except Stephen Jay Gould who, in his new book Full House: The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin, proves that all of these intuitive truths are, in fact, wrong.
"All of these mistaken beliefs arise out of the same analytical flaw in our reasoning, our Platonic tendency to reduce a broad spectrum to a single, pinpointed essence," says Gould. "This way of thinking allows us to confirm our most ingrained biases that humans are the supreme being on this planet; that all things are inherently driven to become more complex; and that almost any subject can be expressed and understood in terms of an average."
In Full House, Gould shows why a more accurate way of understanding our world (and the history of life) is to look at a given subject within its own context, to see it as a part of a spectrum of variation rather than as an isolated "thing" and then to reconceptualize trends as expansion or contraction of this "full house" of variation, and not as the progress or degeneration of an average value, or single thing. When approached in such a way, the disappearance of .400 hitting becomes a cause for celebration, signaling not a decline in greatness but instead an improvement in the overall level of play in baseball; trends become subject to suspicion, and too often, only a tool of those seeking to advance a particular agenda; and the "Age of Man" (a claim rooted in hubris, not in fact) more accurately becomes the "Age of Bacteria."
"The traditional mode of thinking has led us to draw many conclusions that don't make satisfying sense," says Gould. "It tells us that .400 hitting has disappeared because batters have gotten worse, but how can that be true when record performances have improved in almost any athletic activity?" In a personal eureka!, Gould realized that we were looking at the picture backward, and that a simple conceptual inversion would resolve a number of the paradoxes of the conventional view.
While Full House deftly reveals the shortcomings of the popular reasoning we apply to everyday life situations, Gould also explores his beloved realm of natural history as well. Whether debunking the myth of the successful evolution of the horse (he grants that the story still deserves distinction, but as the icon of evolutionary failure); presenting evidence that the vaunted "progress of life" is really random motion away from simple beginnings, not directed impetus toward complexity; or relegating the kingdoms of Animalai and Plantae to their proper positions on the genealogical chart for all of life (as mere twigs on one of the three bushes), Full House asks nothing less than that we reconceptualize our view of life in a fundamental way.
From the Hardcover edition.
我看书看到一半了,前半部确实糟糕,他要打破普遍认为“人是万物之灵”的心理优越,人总以自己的观念归纳总结研究自然,但是他批评的太刻薄了,第一部分对于目前的人应该不是问题了吧,至少我绝不是那么为作为人而“自大”。第二部分,还算有点意思,只是需要啰嗦这么多吗?对...
評分 評分读完此书,心理特别激动,思路有豁然开朗的感觉,人类在规范统一的金字塔里带的太久,忘了原来差异才是世界主要的事实,忘了世界上还有细菌微生物的存在,(换言之,细菌在地球上,可能不只是在重量方面居于统治地位;可能还是宇宙之间惟一生命模式的代表P156)忘了随机性的强...
評分一点评论,不一定准确,欢迎指正。 ------------------ 看完了《生命的壮阔》,后面部分看得比较快。书主旨还不错,内容表述得比较枯燥。 其实作者要表达的就是“进化是随机事件,既没有明显的‘进步’特点,也没有明显的退化特征。因为‘左墙’的存在,进化曲线右倾,即生命早...
評分数量级翻译成“规模次序”,也真有想象力…… 至于连居维叶都不认识之类的错误就不说了。 和《万物简史》的译者犯同样的错误。自己对该领域丝毫不懂,态度又不认真,学术名词滥译已然不能忍了,连好些非学术的普通句子都没读明白,真是糟蹋掉一本好书。古尔德一定会很伤心。
Full House 在線電子書 pdf 下載 txt下載 epub 下載 mobi 下載 2024