Successor to Claude Levi-Strauss at the College de France, Philippe Descola has become one of the most important anthropologists working today, and Beyond Nature and Culture has been a major influence in European intellectual life since its French publication in 2005. Here, finally, it is brought to English-language readers. At its heart is a question central to both anthropology and philosophy: what is the relationship between nature and culture? Culture - as a collective human making, of art, language, and so forth - is often seen as essentially different than nature, which is portrayed as a collective of the nonhuman world, of plants, animals, geology, and natural forces. Descola shows this essential difference to be, however, not only a specifically Western notion, but also a very recent one. Drawing on ethnographic examples from around the world and theoretical understandings from cognitive science, structural analysis, and phenomenology, he formulates a sophisticated new framework, the "four ontologies" - animism, totemism, naturalism, and analogism - to account for all the ways we relate ourselves to nature. By thinking beyond nature and culture as a simple dichotomy, Descola offers nothing short of a fundamental reformulation by which anthropologists and philosophers can see the world afresh.
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對自然與文化的區別本身也是文化性的，而且對某些社會來說其實毫無意義。
评分虽然很易被说服，但并非无懈可击。
评分對自然與文化的區別本身也是文化性的，而且對某些社會來說其實毫無意義。
评分难以评分。虽然本意想要超越自然和文化的二分，但是四种identification的分类仍然是基于心理和身体的二分的，并没有真正避开他想避开的东西。另外，他把现存的不同社会仍然以一种偏线性的方式排列，也从侧面表明了结构主义在如何解释历史这个问题上的无力。
评分虽然很易被说服，但并非无懈可击。
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