Cover 1
Half-title 3
Series-title 5
Title 7
Copyright 8
Contents 9
Boxes, Figures, and Maps 11
Boxes 11
Figures 11
Maps 12
Preface 13
1 In the beginning: Religion and history 15
2 Ming China: The fourteenth century's new world order 29
I. Religious foundations of late imperial China 29
Confucianism 29
Daoism 37
Buddhism 44
Three become one 48
II. The emperor monk: Zhu Yuanzhang and the new Confucian state 50
3 The Buddha and the shogun in sixteenth-century Japan 67
I. Religious foundations of medieval Japan 67
II. Burning monks: The assault on Buddhism 80
4 Opportunities lost: The failure of Christianity, 1550-1750 86
I. The Society of Jesus comes to Asia 86
Japan 88
China 94
II. The roots of conflict and the long road home 98
Japan 98
China 103
5 Buddhism: Incarnations and reincarnations 108
I. Bodhisattvas and barbarians: Buddhism in Ming and Qing China 108
II. The gilded cage: Funerary Buddhism during the Tokugawa 119
III. Samurai and nothingness: Zen and the Japanese warrior elite 127
What is Zen? 127
So again, what is Zen? 128
6 Apocalypse now 137
I. Why the world keeps ending 137
II. The White Lotus: Six centuries of Chinese heresy, 1360-1860 145
7 Out of the twilight: Religion and the late nineteenth century 156
I. Fists of Justice and Harmony: Christian mission and the last stand of Chinese traditionalism 156
II. Kill the Buddha! Shinto and the new traditionalism of Meiji Japan 165
8 Into the abyss: Religion and the road to disaster during the early twentieth century 175
I. Toward Confucian fascism: China searches for direction 175
II. Spirit of the rising sun: Japanese religious militarism 193
9 Brave new world: Religion in the reinvention of postwar Asia 208
I. Opiate of the masses: Why Marxism opposes religion 208
II. The people's faith: How religion survived China's socialist paradise 216
III. The peace paradigm and search for meaning in Japan 229
10 The globalization of Asian religion 238
Glossary 245
Timeline of dynasties and major events 251
Suggestions for further reading 253
Index 259
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