History of the Peloponnesian War, Volume I pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025
Thucydides of Athens, one of the greatest of historians, was born about 471 BCE. He saw the rise of Athens to greatness under the inspired leadership of Pericles. In 430, the second year of the Peloponnesian War, he caught and survived the horrible plague which he described so graphically. Later, as general in 423 he failed to save Amphipolis from the enemy and was disgraced. He tells about this, not in volumes of self-justification, but in one sentence of his history of the war—that it befell him to be an exile for twenty years. He then lived probably on his property in Thrace, but was able to observe both sides in certain campaigns of the war, and returned to Athens after her defeat in 404. He had been composing his famous history, with its hopes and horrors, triumphs and disasters, in full detail from first-hand knowledge of his own and others.
The war was really three conflicts with one uncertain peace after the first; and Thucydides had not unified them into one account when death came sometime before 396. His history of the first conflict, 431–421, was nearly complete; Thucydides was still at work on this when the war spread to Sicily and into a conflict (415–413) likewise complete in his awful and brilliant record, though not fitted into the whole. His story of the final conflict of 413–404 breaks off (in the middle of a sentence) when dealing with the year 411. So his work was left unfinished and as a whole unrevised. Yet in brilliance of description and depth of insight this history has no superior.
- 古希腊
- Thucydides
- 古典学
- 历史
- 修昔底德
- 新闻传播/经济/管理/政治/历史/文化
- 文化/历史/考古/地理/新经管/政法
- 政治学
Loeb Classical Library 108
具体描述
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希腊人似乎认为，为自由而使用强力乃至暴力也都是公认的正义；为国家的自由而抵 抗侵略当然是不言而喻的正义；这种正义甚至应该获得一种普遍的法律形式，所以有所 谓“抵抗侵略者总是正当的这一条公认的法律”的意见。国家的存在既然如上所述意味着所有或至少是大多数的自由公民的共同自由，意味着多数人的利益意愿都是正义的。不仅是实行直接民主制、由多数人统治的雅典总是把全体人的利益视为正义。尽管后来柏拉图等试图从绝对的善来解释、限定正义，但是在之前，希腊人在政治中仍然将利益作为要素引入正义范畴(虽然未经亚里士多德式的细分)。希腊人在说服他人、他国时或为自己的行动进行辩解时，一般总是交替使用两个尺度，即既说正义，又说利益所在，以 此为行动决策的两大基本标准。
评分I say that our city as a whole is the school of Hellas. We live under a form of government which does not emulate the institutions of our neighbours; on the contrary, we are ourselves a model which some follow, rather than the imitators of other peoples.It is true that our government is called a democracy, because its administration is in the hands
评分I say that our city as a whole is the school of Hellas. We live under a form of government which does not emulate the institutions of our neighbours; on the contrary, we are ourselves a model which some follow, rather than the imitators of other peoples.It is true that our government is called a democracy, because its administration is in the hands
评分希腊人似乎认为，为自由而使用强力乃至暴力也都是公认的正义；为国家的自由而抵 抗侵略当然是不言而喻的正义；这种正义甚至应该获得一种普遍的法律形式，所以有所 谓“抵抗侵略者总是正当的这一条公认的法律”的意见。国家的存在既然如上所述意味着所有或至少是大多数的自由公民的共同自由，意味着多数人的利益意愿都是正义的。不仅是实行直接民主制、由多数人统治的雅典总是把全体人的利益视为正义。尽管后来柏拉图等试图从绝对的善来解释、限定正义，但是在之前，希腊人在政治中仍然将利益作为要素引入正义范畴(虽然未经亚里士多德式的细分)。希腊人在说服他人、他国时或为自己的行动进行辩解时，一般总是交替使用两个尺度，即既说正义，又说利益所在，以 此为行动决策的两大基本标准。
评分I say that our city as a whole is the school of Hellas. We live under a form of government which does not emulate the institutions of our neighbours; on the contrary, we are ourselves a model which some follow, rather than the imitators of other peoples.It is true that our government is called a democracy, because its administration is in the hands
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