The paradox of knowability, derived from a proof by Frederic Fitch in 1963, is one of the deepest paradoxes concerning the nature of truth. Jonathan Kvanvig argues that the depth of the paradox has not been adequately appreciated. It has long been known that the paradox threatens antirealist conceptions of truth according to which truth is epistemic. If truth is epistemic, what better way to express that idea than to maintain that all truths are knowable? In the face of the paradox, however, such a characterization threatens to undermine antirealism. If Fitch's proof is valid, then one can be an antirealist of this sort only by endorsing the conclusion of the proof that all truths are known. Realists about truth have tended to stand on the sidelines and cheer the difficulties faced by their opponents from Fitch's proof. Kvanvig argues that this perspective is wholly unwarranted. He argues that there are two problems raised by the paradox, one that threatens antirealism about truth and the other that threatens everybody's view about truth, realist or antirealist. The problem facing antirealism has had a number of proposed solutions over the past 40 years, and the results have not been especially promising with regard to the first problem. The second problem has not even been acknowledged, however, and the proposals regarding the first problem are irrelevant to the second problem. This book thus provides a thorough investigation of the literature on the paradox, and also proposes a solution to the deeper of the two problems raised by Fitch's proof. It provides a complete picture of the paradoxicality that results from Fitch's proof, and presents a solution to the paradox that claims to address both problems raised by the original proof.
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坦白说,这本书的阅读体验是充满挑战性的,但绝非枯燥乏味。它要求读者全身心地投入,去解码那些隐藏在字里行间的不对称信息。故事线索交织复杂,人物关系错综复杂,仿佛置身于一个巨大的迷宫之中。但正是这种挑战性,让最终的顿悟时刻显得格外震撼和有价值。我花了比平时更长的时间来阅读,常常需要回顾前面的章节来重新梳理脉络,但这绝对是值得的。那种智力上的“解谜”过程,带来的满足感是其他阅读体验难以比拟的。作者成功地构建了一个自洽且逻辑严密的微观世界,在这个世界里,每一个看似随意的选择,都可能成为揭示真相的关键钥匙。
评分这本书的语言风格非常独特,带着一种沉郁而富有哲思的底蕴。它不像市面上许多畅销书那样追求快节奏的感官刺激,而是更注重内心的挖掘和精神世界的探索。作者似乎并不急于给出明确的答案,而是更倾向于提出深刻的问题,引导读者自己去思辨。这种处理方式无疑考验着读者的耐心,但一旦沉浸其中,便会发现其中蕴含的巨大宝藏。文笔细腻之处,仿佛能触摸到人物最真实的灵魂悸动,那种对人性的洞察力,锐利而又充满温情。我甚至会时不时地停下来,反复咀喃那些精妙的措辞,它们不仅仅是推动情节的工具,本身就具有强大的艺术感染力,让人在文字的海洋中流连忘返。
评分这是一本读起来让人心潮澎湃的书,作者的叙事技巧简直令人叹为观止。那种层层递进的悬念设置,就像在迷雾中摸索,每翻开一页都期待着拨开云雾见青天的那一刻。情节的巧妙编排,人物的立体塑造,都展现了作者深厚的功力。我尤其欣赏作者对细节的把握,那些看似不经意的描写,往往在故事的后半段爆发出惊人的力量,让人不得不佩服作者布局之深远。读完之后,心中久久不能平静,不仅仅是因为故事本身的曲折离奇,更是因为它引发了我对许多既有观念的深刻反思。这本书的结构非常严谨,逻辑链条清晰可见,即便是再复杂的情节转折,也能在作者的笔下梳理得井井有条,让读者在沉浸于故事的同时,也能感受到一种智力上的愉悦。
评分这本书的氛围营造堪称一绝。从开篇的压抑感,到中间阶段的几近绝望的追寻,再到结尾处那丝不易察觉的希望之光,作者对情绪的调控拿捏得炉火纯青。我感觉自己仿佛跟随着主角一起经历了这场漫长而艰辛的探索之旅,感同身受那些内心的挣扎与突破。尤其是一些关键场景的描写,极具画面感,闭上眼睛都能清晰地在脑海中构建出那个特定的环境和心境。作者对于环境与人物内心互动的描摹,细致入微,使得整个故事充满了生命力,让人在阅读过程中,完全忘记了身处何地,完全被书中构建的那个世界所捕获。
评分我很少遇到能让我如此强烈地感受到作者叙事焦点的作品。它不像是一部纯粹的小说,更像是一份精心绘制的心理地图,带领我们深入探讨某些既定的信念是如何形成的,以及它们在面对新证据时会如何摇摆不定。书中对“确定性”与“不确定性”的探讨,处理得极其高明,没有流于表面化的说教,而是通过生动的场景和鲜活的人物命运来体现。每一次情节的推进,都像是在小心翼翼地剥开一层又一层的伪装,让人不得不审视自己长期以来奉为圭臬的某些判断标准。读完后,我发现自己对日常生活中那些“理所当然”的事情,都多了一层审慎的目光。
评分Kvanvig和我想的一样!the knowability paradox不仅威胁着anti-realists,更重要的是,它居然证明了我们可以从possible的前件推出necessary的结论(knowable→known)!从根本上动摇了modal logic!而Kvanvig提出的revision是重新反思truth/knowledge/possibility(there must be something wrong!)。
评分Kvanvig和我想的一样!the knowability paradox不仅威胁着anti-realists,更重要的是,它居然证明了我们可以从possible的前件推出necessary的结论(knowable→known)!从根本上动摇了modal logic!而Kvanvig提出的revision是重新反思truth/knowledge/possibility(there must be something wrong!)。
评分Kvanvig和我想的一样!the knowability paradox不仅威胁着anti-realists,更重要的是,它居然证明了我们可以从possible的前件推出necessary的结论(knowable→known)!从根本上动摇了modal logic!而Kvanvig提出的revision是重新反思truth/knowledge/possibility(there must be something wrong!)。
评分Kvanvig和我想的一样!the knowability paradox不仅威胁着anti-realists,更重要的是,它居然证明了我们可以从possible的前件推出necessary的结论(knowable→known)!从根本上动摇了modal logic!而Kvanvig提出的revision是重新反思truth/knowledge/possibility(there must be something wrong!)。
评分Kvanvig和我想的一样!the knowability paradox不仅威胁着anti-realists,更重要的是,它居然证明了我们可以从possible的前件推出necessary的结论(knowable→known)!从根本上动摇了modal logic!而Kvanvig提出的revision是重新反思truth/knowledge/possibility(there must be something wrong!)。
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