卡尔·波普尔爵士(Sir Karl Raimund Popper)是当代西方杰出的科学哲学家和社会哲学家。他的《历史决定论的贫困》(The Poverty of Historicism)和《开放社会及其敌人》(The Open Society and its Enemies)是西方民主思想宝库中的经典著作。波普尔曾经由于这两部书获得过英国女皇颁授的爵位。
Popper was born in 1902 to a Viennese family of Jewish origin. He taught in Austria until 1937, when he emigrated to New Zealand in anticipation of the Nazi annexation of Austria the following year, and he settled in England in 1949. Before the annexation, Popper had written mainly about the philosophy of science, but from 1938 until the end of the Second World War he focused his energies on political philosophy, seeking to diagnose the intellectual origins of German and Soviet totalitarianism. "The Open Society and Its Enemies" was the result.In the book, Popper condemned Plato, Marx, and Hegel as "holists" and "historicists" - a holist, according to Popper, believes that individuals are formed entirely by their social groups; historicists believe that social groups evolve according to internal principles that it is the intellectual's task to uncover. Popper, by contrast, held that social affairs are unpredictable, and argued vehemently against social engineering. He also sought to shift the focus of political philosophy away from questions about who ought to rule toward questions about how to minimize the damage done by the powerful. The book was an immediate sensation, and - though it has long been criticized for its portrayals of Plato, Marx, and Hegel - it has remained a landmark on the left and right alike for its defense of freedom and the spirit of critical inquiry.
提到民主,我就有太多的话不吐不快,尤其从范跑跑的这件事情中,我惊讶地发现中国民众的启蒙程度之低令人痛心,早在欧洲十八世纪就已经完成了的启蒙运动,竟到了今天也未在中国生根,倒是封建社会的那一套仁义道德,跨越了几千年历史的时空永生不死,盘踞在华夏大地简直称得...
评分当代西方著名哲学家卡尔·波普尔提出的以“批判的理性主义”和“证伪主义”闻名于世的科学方法论,在西方传统“实证主义”的直向思维的死水中,搅起了一股逆向思维的旋流。然而,如果说他的科学哲学思想给当代西方哲学带来了深刻的影响的话,那么他在社会政治思想领域中所引起...
评分波普尔所提到的开放社会,是针对柏拉图的理想国、黑格尔的民族国家以及马克思的无产阶级专政的国家而言,后面这三种国家的形式都会导致专制、独裁的封闭社会。 波普尔说,柏拉图的理想国,来自于一种对史前原始社会的浪漫幻想以及一种唯美主义。我认为波普尔过多揣测了别人的心...
评分这是一个相当具有戏剧色彩和讽刺性的事件。本来只想当闲暇的谈资,但又觉得又有点记录下来备忘的价值。 这个事件的关键词有:施特劳斯、波普尔。很显然,前一个关键词有激素的作用,很容易刺激人们的肾上腺素,让人们心跳加速、血液沸腾。而后一个关键词多少有点让我不好意思...
评分全书主要分为三部分,很详细的针对柏拉图主义,黑格尔主义与马克思主义进行批判(当然也顺便提到赫拉克利特和苏格拉底等对历史主义思潮有关的思想家)… 开篇致力于批判柏拉图主义。柏拉图的“理想国”是一种波普尔称之为“封闭社会”辩护,而这又是一切极权主义的形式基础。...
批柏批黑批的好爽,对马克思倒是分外地温柔。
评分批柏批黑批的好爽,对马克思倒是分外地温柔。
评分批柏批黑批的好爽,对马克思倒是分外地温柔。
评分批柏批黑批的好爽,对马克思倒是分外地温柔。
评分批柏批黑批的好爽,对马克思倒是分外地温柔。
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