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In what remains one of his most seminal papers, Freud considers the incompatibility of civilisation and individual happiness, and the tensions between the claims of society and the individual. We all know that living in civilised groups means sacrificing a degree of personal interest, but couldn't you argue that it in fact creates the conditions for our happiness? Freud explores the arguments and counter-arguments surrounding this proposition, focusing on what he perceives to be one of society's greatest dangers; 'civilised' sexual morality. After all, doesn't repression of sexuality deeply affect people and compromise their chances of happiness? --This text refers to the Paperback edition.
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Freud总结，superego对id的抑制，助于现代文明的实现。这里可以连系到心理疾病。结合modernism和madness，心理疾病其实可以视作是id对superego的一种反击或抵抗。
评分Freud总结，superego对id的抑制，助于现代文明的实现。这里可以连系到心理疾病。结合modernism和madness，心理疾病其实可以视作是id对superego的一种反击或抵抗。
评分肃然起敬。
评分弗洛伊德所有著作中最社会学的书，大篇幅讽刺文明为了发展而在人心中造就了super-ego，运用ethics,guilty来压抑人们生物本性id中的性欲与攻击性，从而导致人类的不快乐，其中反驳人们相互平等互爱的片段让人联想起了愤世嫉俗的尼采。不过其基础的设定扎根于生物学并描述为一种世间真理的态度biologically drive by instinctual desire,毕竟无法使用方法论、用经验证据进行解释证明的行为反正我们是受不了的。Freud将维多利亚时期封建保守的社会（女性极度压抑）当成社会的固有现状，而不反思有哪些因素造就、影响、可以改变这个社会，可以说他笔下的“文明”即便已经高度发展，也是僵化、没有希望的，这点显然也无法为人接受。即便非弗氏一派的心理学，和社会学仍有明显隔阂 M
评分Civilization is the very cause of our unhappiness and misery. As Freud argues, we are by nature “libido-driven, aggressive animals” wanting nothing but desire, either sexually or destructively. And civilization, by injecting “super-ego“ as a self-policing mechanism, punishes us through our sense of guilt.
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