PREFACE<br > Our goal in writing this book has been to provide a children s development by shaping both the laws and<br > broad foundation for understanding child develop- the norms that govern child-rearing practices.<br > ment. In preparing this foundation we have attempted Many child-care issues will be familiar to readers,<br > to build on the natural interest students have in human either from their own experience or from stories they<br > natu, e and on their own experience. We have been have heard or read. We believe that such experience,<br > gui& d in our effort by the belief that in attempting to combined with good common sense and a lively inter-<br > achi,:ve such understanding it is a mistake to make est in children s behavior, is an essential starting point<br > shari distinctions in developmental psychology be- for the deeper understanding of development that we<br > twe,: ~ practical, theoretical, and research orientations, seek to foster in this book.<br > Trul~ fundamental knowledge in developmental psy-<br > ch( i, ,~y, we believe, must draw on and illuminate all<br > three orientations if it is to serve the broad range of<br > inte~ , ,ts that students bring to this topic. Theoretical Orientation<br > There is a lot of truth in the idea that nothing is so<br > practical as a good theory. A deep understanding of<br > development requires familiarity not only with its phe-<br > Pra,:iical Orientation nomena but also with theories that provide coherent<br > Th~ .mthors of The Development of Children are two interpretations of the facts, allowing one to anticipate<br > people who have known each other since adolescence, the consequences of various courses of action.<br > The major difficulty in introducing readers to the<br > who have shared an interest in children s development theoretical underpinnings of child develoipment is the<br > from the time they were teenagers working as camp<br > cuunselors, and who have raised their own children, absence of a single, broadly accepted theoretical<br > Each of us also has a professional interest in child framework for understanding development. We have<br > development. Sheila Cole is a journalist who has writ- adopted two strategies to deal with this problem. First,<br > ten articles about children and books for children, we frame our presentation in terms of the enduring<br > Michael Cole is a psychologist who has specialized in issues that all theories of development must resolve:<br > the study of children s learning and cognitive develop- how biological and environmental contributions (na-<br > ment. In our personal and professional lives our inter- ture and nurture) are woven together and the extent to<br > est in children has been closely linked to practical which the interaction of these factors results in dis-<br > continuities in the nature of the organism during the<br > activities to foster their development, dynamic process of development. Second, we present<br > Reflecting this orientation, we include many discus-<br > sions of practical problems in child development: for competing theories in a constant dialogue with one<br > example, how to design effective environments for another and with the practical issues that they were<br > to address. Rather than gloss over differences<br > premature infants; how to promote children s intellec- designed attempted to build an appre-<br > tual skills, self-control, and participation with other among theories, we have<br > children at play; and how to help children to recover ciation of the basis for their competing interpreta-<br > from traumatic experiences. We also include many tions. Then we have tried to move beyond them to<br > examples drawn from the everyday lives of children show how each perspective contributes to an overall<br > that illustrate how beliefs about children influence understanding of development.<br >!<br >
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这本书的封面设计,坦白地说,第一眼并没有完全抓住我的眼球,那种偏向学术报告的排版风格,让我一度怀疑这是否是一本枯燥的教科书。然而,一旦翻开扉页,深入阅读了开篇的几章,我才意识到自己之前的判断是多么草率。作者似乎拥有一种魔力,能将最复杂、最抽象的发展心理学理论,用一种极其细腻和富有同理心的方式娓娓道来。比如,书中对婴儿期视觉探索行为的描述,简直像是用高清慢镜头捕捉的画面,每一个微小的眼神移动、每一个无意识的手部动作,都被赋予了深刻的意义。这不是那种简单罗列研究成果的堆砌,而是将科学观察融入了一个个生动的“场景”之中。我尤其欣赏作者在阐述认知发展阶段时所采取的跨文化视角,这极大地拓宽了我对“普遍性”与“特殊性”之间辩证关系的理解,让人在学习知识的同时,也进行了一场关于人类心智多样性的深刻反思。读这本书的过程,更像是一次与作者并肩走过人类成长的漫长旅程,既有科学的严谨,又不失人性的温暖。
评分老实说,这本书的阅读体验是有些“吃力的”,但这种吃力感并非源于晦涩难懂的术语,而是源于内容带来的巨大情感冲击和知识密度的饱和。作者在描述青春期身份认同危机时,所采用的叙事手法,简直是教科书级别的精准捕捉了那种“既疏离又渴望连接”的矛盾心理。我记得有那么一章,专门讨论了同伴压力如何重塑青少年的自我概念,读到那里,我仿佛回到了那个敏感又脆弱的年纪,对当时一些行为的动机有了豁然开朗的理解。这本书没有回避发展过程中的黑暗面——焦虑、创伤、以及社会边缘化对个体心智的刻蚀。它以一种近乎残酷的诚实,将人类成长的复杂性和不确定性展现在我们面前,这使得这本书的论述具有了无可辩驳的力量。它要求读者不仅要用理性去分析,更要调动自己的情感记忆去共鸣,实属不易,但收获亦是巨大的。
评分我对这本书的结构安排感到非常赞赏,它像是一个精心设计的迷宫,引导读者从最基础的生物学基础,逐步走向复杂的高阶社会情感发展。作者在处理不同发展阶段的过渡时,处理得极其平滑自然,没有出现那种生硬的章节断裂感。特别是关于语言习得的那部分内容,作者没有停留在“输入假说”或“天生论”的争论上,而是引入了社会互动对句法结构发展的细微调节作用,这一点极具创新性。阅读时,我常常需要停下来,查阅一些相关的神经科学背景知识,但这丝毫没有减损阅读的乐趣,反而激发了一种主动学习的热情。这本书成功地架设了一座桥梁,将基础科学与实际应用无缝衔接起来,对于希望深入理解儿童心理的专业人士来说,它无疑是一份极具参考价值的基石性文献。
评分这本书的引文和参考文献列表本身就构成了一部微型的学术史诗。从中可以看出作者深厚的学术功底和广泛的涉猎范围,这保证了书中所有论点的可靠性和前沿性。更让我惊喜的是,作者在行文中穿插了大量的“小故事”或“轶事观察”,这些片段如同点缀在严谨论证中的灵动音符,瞬间将冰冷的理论拉回了鲜活的现实世界。比如,书中讲述了某位研究者如何通过一个简单的“藏猫猫”游戏,推导出儿童对“客体永存性”的认知飞跃,这个例子被描述得生动有趣,让原本深奥的Piaget理论变得触手可及。这本书的整体基调是积极而富有建设性的,它没有沉溺于描述问题,而是始终致力于探寻促进健康成长的有效途径,这使得它不仅仅是一部描述性的著作,更是一部具有强烈实践指导意义的指南。
评分读完这本书后,我发现它最大的价值,或许不在于它提供了多少现成的答案,而在于它提出了无数值得深思的问题。我本来以为自己对儿童早期教育和心理健康已经有了相当的认知,但这本书像一把锋利的手术刀,剖开了许多我习以为常的教育观念背后的假设和盲点。书中对依恋理论的深入探讨,特别是关于“不安全依恋”在成年后对人际关系模式的持续影响的论述,让我重新审视了自己童年的经历,甚至影响了我与伴侣的互动方式。这种强烈的自我投射和反思,是很多同类书籍难以给予的。作者的语言风格时而如同一位严谨的哲学家,对“自由意志”与“环境决定论”进行辩驳;时而又像一位经验丰富的临床医生,用充满洞察力的案例分析,揭示了看似微不足道的日常互动中蕴含的巨大发展潜力。它不是一本读完就可以束之高阁的书,而是一本需要反复翻阅,每次都会带来新感悟的“工具书”。
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