具體描述
《大學物理學學習指導》是作者根據多年來開展雙語教學所積纍的經驗和我國工科大學物理雙語教學實踐需要編著的，目的是為學生提供一本便於使用的大學物理學英文版學習指導書，以取得良好的雙語教學效果。全書共30章，其內容編排順序與北京郵電大學齣版社2007年2月齣版的《大學物理學》（英文版）上、下冊完全相同，便於讀者將本學習指導書與相應教材配套使用。書中對工科大學物理學各部分內容的重點和難點進行瞭詳細解說，精選瞭國內外教材中的一些典型例題，收集瞭大量練習題，設計瞭多套全真模擬試題，既便於教師開展大學物理雙語教學，又便於學生鞏固學習效果。
《大學物理學學習指導》作為高等工科院校及理科非物理專業的大學物理雙語教學課程的課外參考書，有利於幫助學生更好地理解雙語教學的基本內容和學習重點、難點，對從事大學物理教學的教師和物理學專業的學生也具有較大的參考價值。《大學物理學學習指導》內容全麵、係統，包括瞭大學物理教學的主要內容及教學的主要構成元素：原理、例題、習題、解答、模擬考題等，因此既可以作為學習指導書與原教材配套使用，也可以作為一本大學物理雙語教學的簡明教程獨立使用，以滿足不同層次、不同學時的大學物理學雙語教學的要求。
探尋宇宙的奧秘：經典力學與熱力學前沿 本書導讀： 這是一部麵嚮具有一定微積分基礎的高年級本科生及初級研究生的高階教材，專注於宏觀物理世界的兩大支柱——經典力學（牛頓力學、拉格朗日力學、哈密頓力學）和熱力學與統計物理學的深刻理解與應用。本書的編寫旨在突破基礎大學物理的框架，深入探討這些理論在現代科學研究中的基石地位和其內在的數學美感。 --- 第一部分：進階經典力學——從牛頓定律到分析力學 本部分將帶領讀者穿越時空，重新審視我們對運動和作用力的理解，並最終進入更為抽象和強大的分析力學體係。 第一章：牛頓力學的嚴謹性與局限性 本章首先迴顧瞭牛頓三大定律，但重點轉嚮瞭慣性係與非慣性係。我們將詳細分析在鏇轉參考係（如地球）中齣現的科裏奧利力和離心力，並探討這些“虛擬力”在氣象學和海洋學中的實際效應。隨後，本章會引入微積分在處理變質量係統（如火箭推進）中的應用，並為過渡到更一般的描述方法奠定基礎。本章的難點在於建立對“力”這一概念在不同參考係下描述的統一認識。 第二章：變分原理與最小作用量 分析力學的核心——達朗貝爾原理（或稱虛功原理）將是本章的起點。我們不會僅僅將此視為一個求解受力方程的技巧，而是將其提升到物理學的基本原理層麵。本章將詳盡介紹變分法的基礎知識，包括歐拉-拉格朗日方程的推導。重點將放在保守係統和非保守係統中作用量泛函的構建。通過對簡單的單擺、螺鏇彈簧等經典問題進行拉格朗日量描述，讀者將體會到這種描述方式相對於直角坐標係求解方程的簡潔性和優越性。 第三章：拉格朗日力學的應用拓展 在掌握瞭基本框架後，本章緻力於拓寬拉格朗日力學的應用範圍。我們將探討約束的引入，特彆是用拉格朗日乘子法來處理復雜的幾何約束（如在平麵內運動的剛體）。隨後，深入分析守恒量與循環坐標之間的深刻聯係。牛頓力學中的動量和角動量守恒，在拉格朗日框架下，將直接對應於特定的坐標自由度的缺失（即循環坐標）。本章還將引入含時坐標變換，為過渡到哈密頓力學做準備。 第四章：哈密頓力學——相空間中的動力學 哈密頓力學被譽為分析力學的最高形式。本章的核心在於勒讓德變換，將拉格朗日量 $L(q, dot{q}, t)$ 轉化為哈密頓量 $H(q, p, t)$，其中 $p$ 為廣義動量。我們將詳細推導哈密頓正則方程，並探討相空間的概念。相軌跡的幾何性質（如體積守恒——劉維爾定理的初步討論）將成為理解統計物理的橋梁。此外，本章還將介紹泊鬆括號，揭示其在保持哈密頓量守恒方麵的關鍵作用，並簡要引入量子力學中的對易關係。 --- 第二部分：熱力學與統計物理——微觀世界的宏觀展現 本部分將從微觀粒子行為的角度，構建對溫度、熵和能量的全新認識，實現從原子尺度到宏觀熱力學定律的完美對接。 第五章：熱力學定律的深刻內涵 本書將從經驗性的熱力學定律齣發，但會著重於其嚴格的數學錶述和邏輯推導。熱力學第零定律作為溫度概念的引入，將被置於嚴謹的框架下。第一定律（能量守恒）將與做功和熱量的定義緊密聯係。第二定律的介紹將側重於熵的引入，不僅是剋勞修斯不等式，更重要的是玻爾茲曼對熵的統計詮釋。第三定律——絕對零度的不可達性，將被視為統計物理預測的必然結果。本章將大量使用熱力學勢（內能 $U$, 亥姆霍茲自由能 $F$, 吉布斯自由能 $G$, 焓 $H$）及其麥剋斯韋關係式，展示如何通過這些勢來預測物質的平衡態和變化方嚮。 第六章：理想氣體與分子運動論的細緻考察 本章將深入探討麥剋斯韋-玻爾茲曼分布的推導，不僅限於速率分布，還將分析速度在三維空間中的分布。我們將詳細計算氣體分子對器壁的平均衝量（即壓強），並嚴格推導平均平動動能與溫度之間的關係。本章的重點是理解宏觀壓力和溫度如何從大量分子隨機碰撞中“湧現”齣來。此外，還將討論氣體在不同溫度和壓力下的實際偏離理想氣體行為的情況（範德華方程的引入）。 第七章：統計力學的基石——係綜理論 統計物理學的核心在於如何處理包含天文數字粒子的係統。本章將係統介紹係綜的概念：微正則係綜（封閉係統，能量和粒子數確定）、正則係綜（與恒溫熱源接觸）和大正則係綜（與恒溫恒粒子數熱源接觸）。通過對這三種係綜的配分函數（Partition Function）的計算，我們將展示如何從配分函數直接導齣所有宏觀熱力學量。例如，如何通過正則係綜的配分函數 $Z$ 導齣亥姆霍茲自由能 $F = -k_B T ln Z$。 第八章：量子統計力學——費米子與玻色子 隨著溫度降低或係統密度增大，經典統計力學失效，必須引入量子效應。本章將聚焦於量子統計，區分費米-狄拉剋統計（適用於費米子，如電子）和玻色-愛因斯坦統計（適用於玻色子，如光子和氦原子）。 費米子係統： 詳細分析費米能級的概念，並將其應用於零溫下自由電子氣體的性質（如金屬的電學和熱學特性）。 玻色子係統： 重點討論玻色-愛因斯坦凝聚（BEC）的理論基礎，解釋為什麼在臨界溫度以下，大量玻色子會占據最低的量子態，以及其在超流體現象中的體現。 本書的結構旨在引導讀者，從對宏觀現象的描述（力學）齣發，逐步深入到微觀粒子的概率分布（統計力學），最終建立起一個從微觀到宏觀的完整、自洽的物理學描述體係。每一章節都配有難度適中的例題和富有挑戰性的習題，旨在培養讀者利用分析工具解決復雜物理問題的能力。
作者簡介
目錄資訊
Chapter 1
Kinematics
1-1 Core Material and Study Guide
1-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
1-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 2
Force and Motion
2-1 Core Material and Study Guide
2-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
2-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 3
Work and Energy
3-1 Core Material and Study Guide
3-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
3-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 4
Linear Momentum and Collisions
4-1 Core Material and Study Guide
4-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
4-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 5
Rotations of Rigid Body
5-1 Core Material and Study Guide
5-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
5-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 6
Special Relativity
6-1 Core Material and Study Guide
6-2 Physics in Practice
6-3 Problem-Solving Tactics
6-4 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 7
The Kinematic Theory of Gasses
7-1 Core Material and Study Guide
7-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
7-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 8
The First Law of Thermodynamics
8-1 Core Material and Study Guide
8-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
8-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 9
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
9-1 Core Material and Study Guide
9-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
9-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 10
Oscillations
10-1 Core Material and Study Guide
10-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
10-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 11
Waves
11-1 Core Material and Study Guide
11-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
11-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 12
Interference
12-1 Core Material and Study Guide
12-2 Physics in Practice
12-3 Problem-Solving Tactics
12-4 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 13
Diffraction
13-1 Core Material and Study Guide
13-2 Physics in Practice
13-3 Problem-Solving Tactics
13-4 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 14
Polarization
14-1 Core Material and Study Guide
14-2 Physics in Practice
14-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 15
Electric Charge
15-1 Core Material and Study Guide
15-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
15-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 16
Electric Field
16-1 Core Material and Study Guide
16-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
16-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 17
Gauss'Law
17-1 Core Material and Study Guide
17-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
17-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 18
Electric Potential
18-1 Core Material and Study Guide
18-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
18-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 19
Capacitors and Dielectrics
19-1 Core Material and Study Guide
19-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
19-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 20
Magnetic Field
20-1 Core Material and Study Guide
20-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
20-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 21
Magnetic Fields Due to Currents
21-1 Core Material and Study Guide
21-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
21-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 22
Magnetism of Matter
22-1 Core Material and Study Guide
22-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 23
Electromagnetic Induction
23-1 Core Material and Study Guide
23-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
23-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 24
Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic
Waves
24-1 Core Material and Study Guide
24-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 25
Wave－Particle Duality
25-1 Core Material and Study Guide
25-2 Further Understanding
25-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 26
Matter Waves
26-1 Core Material and Study Guide
26-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 27
Electrons in Atoms
27-1 Core Material and Study Guide
27-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 28
Electrons in Solids
28-1 Core Material and Study Guide
28-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 29
Nuclear Physics
29-1 Core Material and Study Guide
29-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 30
Elementary Particles
30-1 Core Material and Study Guide
30-2 Further Understanding
30-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Test One
Test Two
Test Three
Test Four
Answers to Test One
Answers to Test Two
Answers to Test Three
Answers to Test Four
Answers to Supplementary Problems
· · · · · · (收起)
Kinematics
1-1 Core Material and Study Guide
1-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
1-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 2
Force and Motion
2-1 Core Material and Study Guide
2-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
2-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 3
Work and Energy
3-1 Core Material and Study Guide
3-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
3-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 4
Linear Momentum and Collisions
4-1 Core Material and Study Guide
4-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
4-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 5
Rotations of Rigid Body
5-1 Core Material and Study Guide
5-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
5-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 6
Special Relativity
6-1 Core Material and Study Guide
6-2 Physics in Practice
6-3 Problem-Solving Tactics
6-4 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 7
The Kinematic Theory of Gasses
7-1 Core Material and Study Guide
7-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
7-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 8
The First Law of Thermodynamics
8-1 Core Material and Study Guide
8-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
8-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 9
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
9-1 Core Material and Study Guide
9-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
9-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 10
Oscillations
10-1 Core Material and Study Guide
10-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
10-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 11
Waves
11-1 Core Material and Study Guide
11-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
11-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 12
Interference
12-1 Core Material and Study Guide
12-2 Physics in Practice
12-3 Problem-Solving Tactics
12-4 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 13
Diffraction
13-1 Core Material and Study Guide
13-2 Physics in Practice
13-3 Problem-Solving Tactics
13-4 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 14
Polarization
14-1 Core Material and Study Guide
14-2 Physics in Practice
14-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 15
Electric Charge
15-1 Core Material and Study Guide
15-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
15-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 16
Electric Field
16-1 Core Material and Study Guide
16-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
16-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 17
Gauss'Law
17-1 Core Material and Study Guide
17-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
17-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 18
Electric Potential
18-1 Core Material and Study Guide
18-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
18-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 19
Capacitors and Dielectrics
19-1 Core Material and Study Guide
19-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
19-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 20
Magnetic Field
20-1 Core Material and Study Guide
20-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
20-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 21
Magnetic Fields Due to Currents
21-1 Core Material and Study Guide
21-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
21-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 22
Magnetism of Matter
22-1 Core Material and Study Guide
22-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 23
Electromagnetic Induction
23-1 Core Material and Study Guide
23-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
23-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 24
Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic
Waves
24-1 Core Material and Study Guide
24-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 25
Wave－Particle Duality
25-1 Core Material and Study Guide
25-2 Further Understanding
25-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 26
Matter Waves
26-1 Core Material and Study Guide
26-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 27
Electrons in Atoms
27-1 Core Material and Study Guide
27-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 28
Electrons in Solids
28-1 Core Material and Study Guide
28-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 29
Nuclear Physics
29-1 Core Material and Study Guide
29-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 30
Elementary Particles
30-1 Core Material and Study Guide
30-2 Further Understanding
30-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Test One
Test Two
Test Three
Test Four
Answers to Test One
Answers to Test Two
Answers to Test Three
Answers to Test Four
Answers to Supplementary Problems
· · · · · · (收起)
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