材料科学基础 pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

第一部分 晶体学基础 第1章 原子结构与结合键(Atomic Structure and.Interatomic Bonding) 1.1 原子结构(Atomie Structure) 1.1.1 原子的内部结构(Inner Structures of Atoms) 1.1.2 元素周期表(The Periodic Table) 1.1.3 原子的电负性(E1ectronegativity of Atoms) 1.1.4 原子的电离能(Ionization Energy of an Atom) 1.1.5 电子亲和能(Electron Affinity Energy) 1.2 原子间的结合键(Interatomic Bonding) 1.2.1 原子结合键的本质(Nature of Atomic Bonding) 1.2.2 离子键(Ionic Bonding) 1.2.3 共价键(Covalent Bonding) 1.2.4 金属键(Metallic Bonding) 1.2.5 范德瓦耳斯键(Van der Waals Bonding) 1.2.6 氢键(Hydrogen Bonding) 第2章 晶体结构(Crystal Structures) 2.1 晶体学基础(Fundamental Concepts) 2.1.1 空间点阵和晶胞(Space Lattice and Unit Cell) 2.1.2 晶向指数和晶面指数(Indices of Crystallographic Orientations and Planes) 2.1.3 晶体投影(Crystal Projection) 2.1.4 倒易点阵(Reciprocal Lattiee) 2.2 纯金属的晶体结构(Crystal Structures of Pure Metals) 2.2.1 三种典型的金属晶体结构(Three Typical Metallic Crystal Structures) 2.2.2 点阵常数与原子半径(Lattice Constant and Atomic Radius) 2.2.3 晶体中原子堆垛方式与间隙(Atomic Packing and Interstices) 2.2.4 多晶型性(Polymorphism) 2.3 合金相的晶体结构(Crystal Structures of Alloys) 2.3.1 固溶体(Solid Solution) Z.3.2 中间相(Intermediate Phases) 2.4离子晶体的结构(Ionic Crystal Structures) 2.4.1 离子晶体的结构规则(Structure Rules of Ionic Crystals) 2.4.2 典型离子晶体结构(Typical Ionic Crystal Structures) 2.5 共价晶体的结构(Covalent Crystal Structures) 2.6 材料结构的测定(Measurement of Material Structures) Reading Material 1 Crystal Structure 第3章 非晶和准晶体结构(Amorphous and Quasicrystal Structures) 3.1 非晶体的结构(Amorphous Structure) 3.1.1 非晶合金的形成(Formations of Amorphous Alloys) 3.1.2 非晶合金的结构(Structures of Amorphous Alloys) 3.1.3 非晶合金的性能(Properties of Amorphous Alloys) 3.2 准晶的结构(Quasicrystal Structure) 3.2.1 准晶的结构(Quasicrystal Structure) 3.2.2 准晶的形成与性能(Formations and Properties of Quasicrystals) 第4章 晶体缺陷(Crystal Defects) 4.1 引言(Introduction) 4.2 点缺陷(Point Defect) 4.2.1 金属中的点缺陷(Point Defects in Metals) 4.2.2 陶瓷中的点缺陷(Point Defects in Ceramics) 4.2.3 固体中的杂质(Impurities in Solids) 4.2.4 聚合物中的点缺陷(Point Defects in Polymers) 4.3 位错(Dislocation) 4.3.1 位错的结构特征(Structure of Dislocations) 4.3.2 柏氏矢量(Burgers Vector) 4.4 面缺陷(Planar Defects) 4.4.1 外表面(Surface) 4.4.2 晶界(Grain Boundary) 4.4.3 孪晶界(Twin Boundary) 4.4.4 相界(Interface，Phase Boundary) 4.4.5 其他面缺陷(0ther Planar Defects) 4.5 体缺陷(Bulk Defects) 4.6 原子振动(Atomic Vibration) Reading Material 2 Crystal Defects 习题第二部分 形变及强化基础 第5章 位错基础知识(Fundamentals of Dislocation) 5.1 位错应力场(Stress Field of Dislocation) 5.1.1 刃型住错的应力场(Stress Field of Edge Dislocation) 5.1.2 螺型住错的应力场(Stress Field of Screw Dislocation) 5.2 位错的能量及线张力(Strain Energy and Line Tension of Dislocations) 5.3 位错的运动及所受的力(Dislocation Movement and Force on Dislocation) 5.3.1 位错的滑移(Slip of Dislocation) 5.3.2 位错的攀移(Climb of Dislocation) 5.3.3 位错所受的力(Force on Dislocation) 5.4 位错间的相互作用(Interaction between Dislocations) 5.4.1 平行住错间的弹性相互作用(Elastic Interaction between Parallel Dislocations) 5.4.2 相交住错间的相互作用(Interaction between Crossing Dislocations) 5.5 位错与表面的相互作用(Interaction between Dislocation and Surface) 5.6 位错的增殖(Generation of Dislocations) 5.7 位错的运动速度(Velocity of Dislocation Movement) 5.8 实际晶体中的位错(Dislocation in Real Crystal) 5.8.1 堆垛层错(Stacking Fault) 5.8.2 分位错(Partial Dislocation) 5.8.3 扩展住错(Extended Dislocation) 第6章 材料的变形(Deformation of Materials) 6.1 弹性变形(Elastic Deformation) 6.2 塑性变形(Plastic Deformation) 6.2.1 滑移(Slip) 6.2.2 孪生(Twinning) 6.2.3 扭折(Kink) 6.3 多晶体塑性变形(Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline) 6.3.1 多晶体塑性变形行为(Plastic Deformation of P01ycrystalline) 6.3.2 晶粒大小对塑性变形的影响(Effect of Grain Size) 6.4 固溶体合金的变形(Plastic Deformation of Solid Solution Alloy) 6.5 多相合金塑性变形(Plastic Deformation of Heterogeneous Alloy) 6.5.1 复合型合金的塑性变形(Plastic Deformation of Polyphase Alloy) 6.5.2 弥散强化合金变形(Plastic Deformation of Precipitation Strengthening Alloy) 6.6 加工硬化(Work Hardening) 6.7 屈服现象及应变时效(Yielding and Strain Aging) 6.7.1 屈服现象(Yielding) 6.7.2 应变时效(Strain Aging) 6.8 塑性变形中材料组织性能的变化(Evolution of Mierostructure and Propertyduring Plastic Deformation) 6.8.1 晶粒组织变化(Development of Grains) 6.8.2 位错亚结构的变化(Development of Sub-Structure) 6.8.3 变形织构(Deformation Texture) 6.8.4 残余应力(Residual Stress) Reading Material 3 Deformation Modes 第7章 回复与再结晶(Recovery and Recrystallization) 7.1 概述(Introduction) 7.1.1 组织的变化(Microstructural Evolution) 7.1.2 性能的变化(Property Evolution) 7.2 回复(Recovery) 7.2.1 回复机理(Recovery Mechanism) 7.2.2 回复动力学(Recovery Kinetics) 7.3 再结晶(Recrystallization) 7.3.1 再结晶的形核及长大(Nucleation and Growth during Recrystallization) 7.3.2 再结晶动力学(Recrystallization Kinetics) 7.3.3 再结晶温度(Recrystallization Temperature) 7.3.4 再结晶后的晶粒大小(Grain Size after Rcrystallization) 7.4 再结晶后的晶粒长大(Grain Growth after Recrystallization) 7.4.1 正常晶粒长大(Normal Grain Growth) 7.4.2 异常晶粒长大(二次再结晶)(Abnormal Grain Growth，Secondary RecrystaIlization) 7.4.3 再结晶织构与退火孪晶(Recrystallization Texture and Anealling Twin) 7.5 动态回复和再结晶(Dynamic Recovery and RecrystalIization) 7.5.1 动态回复(Dynamic Recovery) 7.5.2 动态再结晶(Dynamic Recrystallization) 7.5.3 组织与性能的变化(Evolution of Microstructures and Properties) 7.5.4 超塑性(Superplasticity) Reading Material 4 Recovery，Recrystallization and Grain Growth 习题二第三部分 相图及相变基础 第8章 二元相图(Binary Phase Diagrams) 8.1 相图基础知识(Fundamental Concepts of Phase Diagrams) 8.1.1 相平衡和相律(Phase and Phase Equilibrium and Phase Rule) 8.1.2 相图(Phase Diagrams) 8.1.3 相图的实验测定方法(Measurement for Phase Diagrams) 8.1.4 杠杆定律(Lever Rule) 8.2 相图的热力学基础(Thermodynamics of Phase Diagrams) 8.2.1 固溶体自由能一成分曲线(Free Energy-Composition Curve of Solid Solution) 8.2.2 多相平衡的公切线原理(Common Tangent Line for Multi—Phase Equilibrium) 8.2.3 从自由能一成分曲线推测相图(Prediction of Phase Diagrams based on Free Energy-Composition Curve) 8.2.4 二元相图的几何规律(Geometric Principles of Phase Diagrams) 8.3 二元相图(Binary Phase Diagrams) 8.3.1 匀晶相图(Isomorphous Phase Diagrams) 8.3.2 共晶相图(Eutectic Diagrams) 8.3.3 包晶相图(Peritectic Phase Diagrams) 8.3.4 复杂二元相图的分析方法(Analysis for Complex Binary Diagrams) 8.4 二元相图分析实例——铁碳相图(The Iron-Iron Carbide Phase Diagram) 8.4.1 铁碳二元合金中的相(The Phases in Fe-C Binary Alloy) 8.4.2 铁碳相图(The Iron-Iron Carbide Phase Diagram) 8.5 相图的应用(Applications of Phase Diagrams) Reading Material 5 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams 第9章 三元相图 (Ternary Phase Diagrams) 9.1 三元相图基础(Fundamentals for Ternary Diagrams) 9.1.1 三元相图的特点(Characteristics of Ternary Diagrams) 9.1.2 三元相图成分表示方法(Plotting Compositions on a Ternary Diagrams) 9.1.3 杠杆定律及重心定律(Lever Rule and Gravity-Center Rule) 9.2 三元匀晶相图(Ternary Isomorphous Diagrams) 9.2.1 相图分析(Specification of Phase Diagrams) 9.2.2 固溶体的凝固过程(Solidification of Ternary Solid Solution) 9.3 三个共晶型二元系构成的三元相图(Ternary Phase Diagrams bv Three Eutectic Binary Systems) 9.3.1 组元在固态完全不溶(Negligible Solubilities of the Components) 9.3.2 组元在固态有限溶解(Limited Solubilities of the ComponentS) 9.4 三元包晶相图(Ternary Peritectie Phase Diagrams) 9.5 三元相图实例(Examples of Ternary Phase Diagrams) 9.5.1 三元相图的分析方法(Specification of Ternary Phase Diagrams) 9.5.2 三元相图举例(Examples of Typical Ternary Phase Diagrams) 第10章 材料的凝固(Solidification of Materials) 10.1 材料凝固的基本规律(Basic Rules of Solidification) 10.1.1 液相结构(Structure of Liquid) 10.1.2 凝固的热力学条件(Thermodynamics of Solidification) 10.1.3 结晶的一般规律(General Rule of Crystallization) 10.1.4 金属玻璃(Metal Glasses) 10.2 凝固时的形核(Nucleation of Crystals from a Melt) 10.2.1 均匀形核(Homogeneous Nucleation) 10.2.2 非均匀形核(Heterogeneous Nucleation) 10.3 晶体的长大(Growth of Crystals from the Liquid Phase) 10.3.1 晶体生长的动态过冷度(Dynamic Supercooling) 10.3.2 固液界面结构(The Nature of the Solid—Liquid Interface) 10.3.3 液体中的温度分布及晶体生长方式(Temperature Distribution and Crystal Growth) 10.4 固溶体的凝固(Solidification of Solid Solution) 10.4.1 固溶体结晶特点(crystallization in Solid Solution) 10.4.2 固溶体的平衡凝固(Equilibrium Freezing in Solid Solution) 10.4.3 固溶体的非平衡凝固(Non-Equilibrium Freezing in Solid Solution) 10.4.4 成分过冷(Constitutional Supercooling) 10.4.5 区域熔炼(Zone Melting or Zone Refining) 10.5 共晶体的凝固(Eutectic Freezing) 10.5.1 共晶体的形成(Formation of Eutectic Alloy) 10.5.2 共晶体的分类及形态(Types of Eutectic Structures) 10.6 铸锭组织(Microstructure of Casting Ingot) 10.6.1 铸锭的典型组织(Typical Structure of Casting Ingot) 10.6.2 铸锭组织的控制(Control of Microstructure in Casting Ingot) 10.6.3 铸锭的缺陷(Defects in Casting Ingot) Reading Material 6 Solidification Structures of Steel 第11章 固态扩散(Solid Diffusion) 11.1 扩散现象(Diffusion Phenomena) 11.2 扩散定律(Diffusion Laws) 11.2.1 菲克第一定律(Fick’s First Law) 11.2.2 菲克第二定律(Fick’s Second Law) 11.3 扩散定律的应用(Applications of Diffusion Laws) 11.3.1 稳态扩散(Steady—State Diffusion) 11.3.2 非稳态扩散(Nonsteady-State Diffusion) 11.3.3 扩散系数的测定(Measurement of Diffusion Coefficient) 11.4 扩散机理(Diffusion Mechanisms) 11.4.1 置换固溶体扩散机制(Diffusion Mechanisms in Substitutional Solid Solution) 11.4.2 间隙固溶体扩散机制(Diffusion Mechanisms in Interstitial Solid Solution) 11.4.3 短路扩散(Short Circuit Diffusion) 11.5 柯肯达尔效应和达肯方程(Kirkendall Effect and Darken Equation) 11.5.1 柯肯达尔效应(Kirkendall Effect) 11.5.2 达肯方程(Darken Equation) 11.6 扩散过程中的微观理论(Microscopic Theory of Diffusion) 11.6.1 原子跳跃与扩散系数(Atom Jump and Diffusion Coefficient) 11.6.2 扩散系数与扩散激活能(Diffusion Coefficient and Activation Energy) 11.7 扩散的热力学分析(Thermodynamics of Diffusion) 11.8 反应扩散(Reaction Diffusion) 11.9 扩散的影响因素(Influence Factors of Diffusion) 11.9.1 温度(Temperature) 11.9.2 晶体结构(Crystal Structures) 11.9.3 晶体缺陷(Crystal Defects) 11.9.4 化学成分(Chemical Composition) 11.9.5 外场(External Fields) Reading Material 7 Diffusion in Metals and Alloys 习题三附录 附录1 元素周期表 附录2 元素的负电性 附录3 原子和离子半径中英文对照表参考文献
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