第一部分 晶體學基礎 第1章 原子結構與結閤鍵(Atomic Structure and.Interatomic Bonding) 1.1 原子結構(Atomie Structure) 1.1.1 原子的內部結構(Inner Structures of Atoms) 1.1.2 元素周期錶(The Periodic Table) 1.1.3 原子的電負性(E1ectronegativity of Atoms) 1.1.4 原子的電離能(Ionization Energy of an Atom) 1.1.5 電子親和能(Electron Affinity Energy) 1.2 原子間的結閤鍵(Interatomic Bonding) 1.2.1 原子結閤鍵的本質(Nature of Atomic Bonding) 1.2.2 離子鍵(Ionic Bonding) 1.2.3 共價鍵(Covalent Bonding) 1.2.4 金屬鍵(Metallic Bonding) 1.2.5 範德瓦耳斯鍵(Van der Waals Bonding) 1.2.6 氫鍵(Hydrogen Bonding) 第2章 晶體結構(Crystal Structures) 2.1 晶體學基礎(Fundamental Concepts) 2.1.1 空間點陣和晶胞(Space Lattice and Unit Cell) 2.1.2 晶嚮指數和晶麵指數(Indices of Crystallographic Orientations and Planes) 2.1.3 晶體投影(Crystal Projection) 2.1.4 倒易點陣(Reciprocal Lattiee) 2.2 純金屬的晶體結構(Crystal Structures of Pure Metals) 2.2.1 三種典型的金屬晶體結構(Three Typical Metallic Crystal Structures) 2.2.2 點陣常數與原子半徑(Lattice Constant and Atomic Radius) 2.2.3 晶體中原子堆垛方式與間隙(Atomic Packing and Interstices) 2.2.4 多晶型性(Polymorphism) 2.3 閤金相的晶體結構(Crystal Structures of Alloys) 2.3.1 固溶體(Solid Solution) Z.3.2 中間相(Intermediate Phases) 2.4離子晶體的結構(Ionic Crystal Structures) 2.4.1 離子晶體的結構規則(Structure Rules of Ionic Crystals) 2.4.2 典型離子晶體結構(Typical Ionic Crystal Structures) 2.5 共價晶體的結構(Covalent Crystal Structures) 2.6 材料結構的測定(Measurement of Material Structures) Reading Material 1 Crystal Structure 第3章 非晶和準晶體結構(Amorphous and Quasicrystal Structures) 3.1 非晶體的結構(Amorphous Structure) 3.1.1 非晶閤金的形成(Formations of Amorphous Alloys) 3.1.2 非晶閤金的結構(Structures of Amorphous Alloys) 3.1.3 非晶閤金的性能(Properties of Amorphous Alloys) 3.2 準晶的結構(Quasicrystal Structure) 3.2.1 準晶的結構(Quasicrystal Structure) 3.2.2 準晶的形成與性能(Formations and Properties of Quasicrystals) 第4章 晶體缺陷(Crystal Defects) 4.1 引言(Introduction) 4.2 點缺陷(Point Defect) 4.2.1 金屬中的點缺陷(Point Defects in Metals) 4.2.2 陶瓷中的點缺陷(Point Defects in Ceramics) 4.2.3 固體中的雜質(Impurities in Solids) 4.2.4 聚閤物中的點缺陷(Point Defects in Polymers) 4.3 位錯(Dislocation) 4.3.1 位錯的結構特徵(Structure of Dislocations) 4.3.2 柏氏矢量(Burgers Vector) 4.4 麵缺陷(Planar Defects) 4.4.1 外錶麵(Surface) 4.4.2 晶界(Grain Boundary) 4.4.3 孿晶界(Twin Boundary) 4.4.4 相界(Interface，Phase Boundary) 4.4.5 其他麵缺陷(0ther Planar Defects) 4.5 體缺陷(Bulk Defects) 4.6 原子振動(Atomic Vibration) Reading Material 2 Crystal Defects 習題第二部分 形變及強化基礎 第5章 位錯基礎知識(Fundamentals of Dislocation) 5.1 位錯應力場(Stress Field of Dislocation) 5.1.1 刃型住錯的應力場(Stress Field of Edge Dislocation) 5.1.2 螺型住錯的應力場(Stress Field of Screw Dislocation) 5.2 位錯的能量及綫張力(Strain Energy and Line Tension of Dislocations) 5.3 位錯的運動及所受的力(Dislocation Movement and Force on Dislocation) 5.3.1 位錯的滑移(Slip of Dislocation) 5.3.2 位錯的攀移(Climb of Dislocation) 5.3.3 位錯所受的力(Force on Dislocation) 5.4 位錯間的相互作用(Interaction between Dislocations) 5.4.1 平行住錯間的彈性相互作用(Elastic Interaction between Parallel Dislocations) 5.4.2 相交住錯間的相互作用(Interaction between Crossing Dislocations) 5.5 位錯與錶麵的相互作用(Interaction between Dislocation and Surface) 5.6 位錯的增殖(Generation of Dislocations) 5.7 位錯的運動速度(Velocity of Dislocation Movement) 5.8 實際晶體中的位錯(Dislocation in Real Crystal) 5.8.1 堆垛層錯(Stacking Fault) 5.8.2 分位錯(Partial Dislocation) 5.8.3 擴展住錯(Extended Dislocation) 第6章 材料的變形(Deformation of Materials) 6.1 彈性變形(Elastic Deformation) 6.2 塑性變形(Plastic Deformation) 6.2.1 滑移(Slip) 6.2.2 孿生(Twinning) 6.2.3 扭摺(Kink) 6.3 多晶體塑性變形(Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline) 6.3.1 多晶體塑性變形行為(Plastic Deformation of P01ycrystalline) 6.3.2 晶粒大小對塑性變形的影響(Effect of Grain Size) 6.4 固溶體閤金的變形(Plastic Deformation of Solid Solution Alloy) 6.5 多相閤金塑性變形(Plastic Deformation of Heterogeneous Alloy) 6.5.1 復閤型閤金的塑性變形(Plastic Deformation of Polyphase Alloy) 6.5.2 彌散強化閤金變形(Plastic Deformation of Precipitation Strengthening Alloy) 6.6 加工硬化(Work Hardening) 6.7 屈服現象及應變時效(Yielding and Strain Aging) 6.7.1 屈服現象(Yielding) 6.7.2 應變時效(Strain Aging) 6.8 塑性變形中材料組織性能的變化(Evolution of Mierostructure and Propertyduring Plastic Deformation) 6.8.1 晶粒組織變化(Development of Grains) 6.8.2 位錯亞結構的變化(Development of Sub-Structure) 6.8.3 變形織構(Deformation Texture) 6.8.4 殘餘應力(Residual Stress) Reading Material 3 Deformation Modes 第7章 迴復與再結晶(Recovery and Recrystallization) 7.1 概述(Introduction) 7.1.1 組織的變化(Microstructural Evolution) 7.1.2 性能的變化(Property Evolution) 7.2 迴復(Recovery) 7.2.1 迴復機理(Recovery Mechanism) 7.2.2 迴復動力學(Recovery Kinetics) 7.3 再結晶(Recrystallization) 7.3.1 再結晶的形核及長大(Nucleation and Growth during Recrystallization) 7.3.2 再結晶動力學(Recrystallization Kinetics) 7.3.3 再結晶溫度(Recrystallization Temperature) 7.3.4 再結晶後的晶粒大小(Grain Size after Rcrystallization) 7.4 再結晶後的晶粒長大(Grain Growth after Recrystallization) 7.4.1 正常晶粒長大(Normal Grain Growth) 7.4.2 異常晶粒長大(二次再結晶)(Abnormal Grain Growth，Secondary RecrystaIlization) 7.4.3 再結晶織構與退火孿晶(Recrystallization Texture and Anealling Twin) 7.5 動態迴復和再結晶(Dynamic Recovery and RecrystalIization) 7.5.1 動態迴復(Dynamic Recovery) 7.5.2 動態再結晶(Dynamic Recrystallization) 7.5.3 組織與性能的變化(Evolution of Microstructures and Properties) 7.5.4 超塑性(Superplasticity) Reading Material 4 Recovery，Recrystallization and Grain Growth 習題二第三部分 相圖及相變基礎 第8章 二元相圖(Binary Phase Diagrams) 8.1 相圖基礎知識(Fundamental Concepts of Phase Diagrams) 8.1.1 相平衡和相律(Phase and Phase Equilibrium and Phase Rule) 8.1.2 相圖(Phase Diagrams) 8.1.3 相圖的實驗測定方法(Measurement for Phase Diagrams) 8.1.4 杠杆定律(Lever Rule) 8.2 相圖的熱力學基礎(Thermodynamics of Phase Diagrams) 8.2.1 固溶體自由能一成分麯綫(Free Energy-Composition Curve of Solid Solution) 8.2.2 多相平衡的公切綫原理(Common Tangent Line for Multi—Phase Equilibrium) 8.2.3 從自由能一成分麯綫推測相圖(Prediction of Phase Diagrams based on Free Energy-Composition Curve) 8.2.4 二元相圖的幾何規律(Geometric Principles of Phase Diagrams) 8.3 二元相圖(Binary Phase Diagrams) 8.3.1 勻晶相圖(Isomorphous Phase Diagrams) 8.3.2 共晶相圖(Eutectic Diagrams) 8.3.3 包晶相圖(Peritectic Phase Diagrams) 8.3.4 復雜二元相圖的分析方法(Analysis for Complex Binary Diagrams) 8.4 二元相圖分析實例——鐵碳相圖(The Iron-Iron Carbide Phase Diagram) 8.4.1 鐵碳二元閤金中的相(The Phases in Fe-C Binary Alloy) 8.4.2 鐵碳相圖(The Iron-Iron Carbide Phase Diagram) 8.5 相圖的應用(Applications of Phase Diagrams) Reading Material 5 Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams 第9章 三元相圖 (Ternary Phase Diagrams) 9.1 三元相圖基礎(Fundamentals for Ternary Diagrams) 9.1.1 三元相圖的特點(Characteristics of Ternary Diagrams) 9.1.2 三元相圖成分錶示方法(Plotting Compositions on a Ternary Diagrams) 9.1.3 杠杆定律及重心定律(Lever Rule and Gravity-Center Rule) 9.2 三元勻晶相圖(Ternary Isomorphous Diagrams) 9.2.1 相圖分析(Specification of Phase Diagrams) 9.2.2 固溶體的凝固過程(Solidification of Ternary Solid Solution) 9.3 三個共晶型二元係構成的三元相圖(Ternary Phase Diagrams bv Three Eutectic Binary Systems) 9.3.1 組元在固態完全不溶(Negligible Solubilities of the Components) 9.3.2 組元在固態有限溶解(Limited Solubilities of the ComponentS) 9.4 三元包晶相圖(Ternary Peritectie Phase Diagrams) 9.5 三元相圖實例(Examples of Ternary Phase Diagrams) 9.5.1 三元相圖的分析方法(Specification of Ternary Phase Diagrams) 9.5.2 三元相圖舉例(Examples of Typical Ternary Phase Diagrams) 第10章 材料的凝固(Solidification of Materials) 10.1 材料凝固的基本規律(Basic Rules of Solidification) 10.1.1 液相結構(Structure of Liquid) 10.1.2 凝固的熱力學條件(Thermodynamics of Solidification) 10.1.3 結晶的一般規律(General Rule of Crystallization) 10.1.4 金屬玻璃(Metal Glasses) 10.2 凝固時的形核(Nucleation of Crystals from a Melt) 10.2.1 均勻形核(Homogeneous Nucleation) 10.2.2 非均勻形核(Heterogeneous Nucleation) 10.3 晶體的長大(Growth of Crystals from the Liquid Phase) 10.3.1 晶體生長的動態過冷度(Dynamic Supercooling) 10.3.2 固液界麵結構(The Nature of the Solid—Liquid Interface) 10.3.3 液體中的溫度分布及晶體生長方式(Temperature Distribution and Crystal Growth) 10.4 固溶體的凝固(Solidification of Solid Solution) 10.4.1 固溶體結晶特點(crystallization in Solid Solution) 10.4.2 固溶體的平衡凝固(Equilibrium Freezing in Solid Solution) 10.4.3 固溶體的非平衡凝固(Non-Equilibrium Freezing in Solid Solution) 10.4.4 成分過冷(Constitutional Supercooling) 10.4.5 區域熔煉(Zone Melting or Zone Refining) 10.5 共晶體的凝固(Eutectic Freezing) 10.5.1 共晶體的形成(Formation of Eutectic Alloy) 10.5.2 共晶體的分類及形態(Types of Eutectic Structures) 10.6 鑄錠組織(Microstructure of Casting Ingot) 10.6.1 鑄錠的典型組織(Typical Structure of Casting Ingot) 10.6.2 鑄錠組織的控製(Control of Microstructure in Casting Ingot) 10.6.3 鑄錠的缺陷(Defects in Casting Ingot) Reading Material 6 Solidification Structures of Steel 第11章 固態擴散(Solid Diffusion) 11.1 擴散現象(Diffusion Phenomena) 11.2 擴散定律(Diffusion Laws) 11.2.1 菲剋第一定律(Fick’s First Law) 11.2.2 菲剋第二定律(Fick’s Second Law) 11.3 擴散定律的應用(Applications of Diffusion Laws) 11.3.1 穩態擴散(Steady—State Diffusion) 11.3.2 非穩態擴散(Nonsteady-State Diffusion) 11.3.3 擴散係數的測定(Measurement of Diffusion Coefficient) 11.4 擴散機理(Diffusion Mechanisms) 11.4.1 置換固溶體擴散機製(Diffusion Mechanisms in Substitutional Solid Solution) 11.4.2 間隙固溶體擴散機製(Diffusion Mechanisms in Interstitial Solid Solution) 11.4.3 短路擴散(Short Circuit Diffusion) 11.5 柯肯達爾效應和達肯方程(Kirkendall Effect and Darken Equation) 11.5.1 柯肯達爾效應(Kirkendall Effect) 11.5.2 達肯方程(Darken Equation) 11.6 擴散過程中的微觀理論(Microscopic Theory of Diffusion) 11.6.1 原子跳躍與擴散係數(Atom Jump and Diffusion Coefficient) 11.6.2 擴散係數與擴散激活能(Diffusion Coefficient and Activation Energy) 11.7 擴散的熱力學分析(Thermodynamics of Diffusion) 11.8 反應擴散(Reaction Diffusion) 11.9 擴散的影響因素(Influence Factors of Diffusion) 11.9.1 溫度(Temperature) 11.9.2 晶體結構(Crystal Structures) 11.9.3 晶體缺陷(Crystal Defects) 11.9.4 化學成分(Chemical Composition) 11.9.5 外場(External Fields) Reading Material 7 Diffusion in Metals and Alloys 習題三附錄 附錄1 元素周期錶 附錄2 元素的負電性 附錄3 原子和離子半徑中英文對照錶參考文獻
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