The Creation of Inequality pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2025

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出版者:Harvard University Press

作者:Kent Flannery

出品人:

页数:648

译者:

出版时间:2012-5-7

价格:USD 39.95

装帧:Hardcover

isbn号码:9780674064690

丛书系列:

图书标签:

人类学
英文原版
考古文博-考古理论
考古文博-史前
考古学
组织进化
粗翻
society-social-sci
经济不平等
社会分化
财富分配
阶级结构
市场机制
制度设计
发展经济学
全球化影响
收入差距
权力集中

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具体描述

Our early ancestors lived in small groups and worked actively to preserve social equality. As they created larger societies, however, inequality rose, and by 2500 BCE truly egalitarian societies were on the wane. In The Creation of Inequality, Kent Flannery and Joyce Marcus demonstrate that this development was not simply the result of population increase, food surplus, or the accumulation of valuables. Instead, inequality resulted from conscious manipulation of the unique social logic that lies at the core of every human group.

A few societies allowed talented and ambitious individuals to rise in prestige while still preventing them from becoming a hereditary elite. But many others made high rank hereditary, by manipulating debts, genealogies, and sacred lore. At certain moments in history, intense competition among leaders of high rank gave rise to despotic kingdoms and empires in the Near East, Egypt, Africa, Mexico, Peru, and the Pacific.

Drawing on their vast knowledge of both living and prehistoric social groups, Flannery and Marcus describe the changes in logic that create larger and more hierarchical societies, and they argue persuasively that many kinds of inequality can be overcome by reversing these changes, rather than by violence.

作者简介

Kent Flannery is James B. Griffin Distinguished University Professor of Anthropological Archaeology and Curator, Environmental Archaeology at the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan.

Joyce Marcus is Robert L. Carneiro Distinguished University Professor of Social Evolution and Curator, Latin American Archaeology, Museum of Anthropology, at the University of Michigan.

目录信息

Preface
Part I: Starting Out Equal
1. Genesis and Exodus
2. Rousseau’s “State of Nature”
3. Ancestors and Enemies
4. Why Our Ancestors Had Religion and the Arts
5. Inequality without Agriculture
Part II: Balancing Prestige and Equality
6. Agriculture and Achieved Renown
7. The Ritual Buildings of Achievement-Based Societies
8. The Prehistory of the Ritual House
9. Prestige and Equality in Four Native American Societies
Part III: Societies That Made Inequality Hereditary
10. The Rise and Fall of Hereditary Inequality in Farming Societies
11. Three Sources of Power in Chiefly Societies
12. From Ritual House to Temple in the Americas
13. Aristocracy without Chiefs
14. Temples and Inequality in Early Mesopotamia
15. The Chiefly Societies in Our Backyard
16. How to Turn Rank into Stratification: Tales of the South Pacific
Part IV: Inequality in Kingdoms and Empires
17. How to Create a Kingdom
18. Three of the New World’s First-Generation Kingdoms
19. The Land of the Scorpion King
20. Black Ox Hides and Golden Stools
21. The Nursery of Civilization
22. Graft and Imperialism
23. How New Empires Learn from Old
Part V: Resisting Inequality
24. Inequality and Natural Law
Notes
Sources of Illustrations
Index
· · · · · · (收起)

读后感

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内容介绍不平等的起源是人类社会一个最重要的基本问题。我们所有人都是从平等主义的狩猎者或采集人进化而来，然而，为什么我们中几乎所有的人却又在那些富裕的人的掌控之下？《人类不平等的起源》接续雅克•卢梭对人类社会不平等现象的探讨，试图在人类起源、人种扩散、...

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用户评价

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从作者的意图来讲，这几乎是一本失败的书。论证部分自相矛盾，好几个大坑没有填上：inequality是好的吗？到底要怎么看待human agency和biological determinism之间的关系？关于原始社会的考古学/人类学研究对今天到底有何启发？但另一方面，两位作者的确是非常优秀的考古学家。这本书最大的亮点恰恰在于这些难以充分归类的原始社会发展案例。理论、案例之间的矛盾之处为读者打开了很大的思考（脑洞）空间。

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