史蒂文·夏平(Steven Shapin,1943-),当代著名科学知识社会学家、科学史家。爱丁堡学派的主要成员之一。历任英国爱丁堡大学科学研究部讲师、高级讲师,加州大学圣地亚哥分校社会学教授,哈佛大学科学史教授。代表作有《利维坦与空气泵:霍布斯、玻意耳与实验生活》(1985)、《真理的社会史:十七世纪英格兰的文明与科学》(1994)以及《科学革命》(1996)。
西蒙·谢弗(Simon Schaffer, 1955-),剑桥大学科学史与科学哲学教授,剑桥大学达尔文学院研究员,曾执教于伦敦大学帝国理工学院、加州大学洛杉矶分校,合著有《利用实验:对自然科学的研究》(1989)、《启蒙欧洲的科学》(1999)等。
In the aftermath of the English Civil War, as people were groping for new forms of political order, Robert Boyle built an air-pump to do exper-iments. Does the story of Roundheads and Restoration have something to do with the origins of experimental sci-ence? Schaffer and Shapin believed it does. Focusing on the debates between Boyle and his archcritic Thomas Hobbes over the air-pump, the authors proposed that "solutions to the problem of knowledge are solutions to the problem of social order." Both Boyle and Hobbes were looking for ways of establishing knowledge that did not decay into ad hominem attacks and political division. Boyle proposed the experiment as cure. He argued that facts should be manufactured by machines like the air-pump so that gentlemen could witness the experiments and produce knowledge that everyone agreed on. Hobbes, by contrast, looked for natural law and viewed experiments as the artificial, unreliable products of an exclusive guild. The new approaches taken in Leviathan and the Air-Pump have been enormously influential on historical studies of science. Shapin and Schaffer found a moment of scientific revolution and showed how key scientific givens--facts, interpretations, experiment, truth--were fundamental to a new political order. Shapin and Schaffer were also innovative in their ethnographic approach. Attempting to understand the work habits, rituals, and social structures of a remote, unfamiliar group, they argued that politics were tied up in what scientists did, rather than what they said.
王 哲① 刘 兵② (清华大学人文社会科学学院科学技术与社会研究所,北京,100084) 内容摘要:1985年,《利维坦与空气泵》(Leviathan and the Air-Pump)一书出版以来国内外学者对此书都给予了高度的重视,但大多集中在对社会因素的关注上,而本文作者则着重分析了此书的科学...
评分史蒂夫·夏平,西蒙·谢弗:《利维坦与空气泵:霍布斯、波意耳与实验生活》,蔡佩君译,上海世纪出版集团2008年版 【按:这本科学史著作很有意思,记录了霍布斯与波义耳就空气泵与实验方法的争论,并将这一争论还原到查理二世复辟后的政治背景与两人各自的政治态度上,即霍布斯...
评分Shapin与Schaffer这本书,是SSK研究中最具争议的一本,在许多人如Steven Weinberg或Alan Sokal眼里,这本书就是胡扯八道。在我读过的科学社会学著作中,这一本也是相对让我不能接受的。不是不接受它的观点,而是它的论证方式。 Shapin等人基本的认识论立场来自于后期维特根斯...
评分Shapin与Schaffer这本书,是SSK研究中最具争议的一本,在许多人如Steven Weinberg或Alan Sokal眼里,这本书就是胡扯八道。在我读过的科学社会学著作中,这一本也是相对让我不能接受的。不是不接受它的观点,而是它的论证方式。 Shapin等人基本的认识论立场来自于后期维特根斯...
评分今天打开豆瓣猜,看到了这本书。豆瓣竟然把它归类为科普,实在让我吃惊不小。作为一本科学建构主义的“经典”之作,它被翻译成中文其实是迟早的事(中华大地上的遗老遗少正在疯狂的借用“后现代主义”的胡言乱语),我实在不忍心放过评价这本书的机会,让国人看清楚这本书到底...
1。行文有大妈八卦气质。2。作者不是学science的。
评分终于把它从头到尾读了一遍,有种并不意外的亲切感。
评分good af: come to the *moment* of demarcation/a history of science is a history of politics, and vice versa
评分good af: come to the *moment* of demarcation/a history of science is a history of politics, and vice versa
评分有点意外,这书读起来其实还蛮有意思的。。这种方法似乎也可以用在近代中国科学/玄学、中医/西医的各种有关真理、知识、科学普及的“研究”里去。
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