Statistical Mechanics pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載2026

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出版者:John Wiley & Sons

作者:Kerson Huang

出品人:

頁數:493

译者:

出版時間:1987-5-13

價格:GBP 121.00

裝幀:Paperback

isbn號碼:9780471815181

叢書系列:

圖書標籤:

• 統計物理
• 物理
• Physics
• 統計力學
• 熱力學和統計物理
• 黃剋遜
• 統計物理學
• 統計學
• 統計物理
• 熱力學
• 相變
• 漲落
• 熵
• 自由能
• 係綜
• 輸運現象
• 臨界現象
• 熱力學平衡

Statistical Mechanics: A Gateway to the Microscopic World and Macroscopic Phenomena This book, "Statistical Mechanics," embarks on a profound journey into the fundamental principles that bridge the gap between the microscopic behavior of individual particles and the observable, macroscopic properties of matter. It is not merely a collection of formulas and equations; rather, it serves as a conceptual cornerstone for understanding why the world around us behaves as it does, from the heat of a flame to the pressure within a tire, from the intricate dance of atoms in a solid to the vast expanse of the cosmos. At its heart, statistical mechanics offers a powerful framework for analyzing systems composed of an enormous number of interacting particles. The sheer impossibility of tracking each individual atom or molecule necessitates a probabilistic approach. This book delves deep into this probabilistic methodology, introducing the foundational concepts of microstates and macrostates. We explore how a vast multitude of microscopic arrangements (microstates) can lead to the same observable macroscopic state (macrostate), and how the likelihood of a particular macrostate is directly proportional to the number of microstates it encompasses. This core idea, rooted in Boltzmann's famous entropy formula, $S = k_B ln Omega$, will be a recurring theme, illuminating the profound connection between disorder and probability. The journey begins with a thorough exploration of the fundamental postulates of statistical mechanics. We will meticulously examine the principles of equal a priori probability, the concept of statistical ensembles (microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical), and the crucial role of the partition function. The partition function, a cornerstone of the theory, will be presented not just as a mathematical tool, but as a comprehensive descriptor of a system's thermodynamic properties. We will learn how to derive macroscopic quantities such as internal energy, entropy, specific heat, and pressure directly from the partition function, showcasing the predictive power of this statistical approach. Throughout the book, rigorous mathematical derivations will be presented alongside insightful physical interpretations. We will not shy away from the mathematical rigor required, but will always strive to connect the abstract equations to tangible physical phenomena. The aim is to equip the reader with both the analytical skills and the conceptual understanding necessary to tackle a wide range of problems in condensed matter physics, thermodynamics, chemistry, and even fields like biophysics and cosmology where statistical principles are increasingly vital. A significant portion of the book will be dedicated to exploring the statistical behavior of different types of systems. We will begin with ideal gases, a relatively simple yet foundational system. Here, we will derive the ideal gas law from first principles, analyze the distribution of molecular speeds using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, and understand the concept of equipartition of energy. This serves as an excellent introduction to the methods and concepts that will be applied to more complex systems. The focus then shifts to systems where inter-particle interactions become significant. The canonical ensemble will be our primary tool for examining systems in thermal contact with a heat bath. We will delve into the statistical mechanics of harmonic oscillators and delve into the fascinating world of phase transitions. The concept of critical phenomena, where systems undergo dramatic changes in their macroscopic properties at specific temperatures or pressures, will be explored in detail. We will investigate the behavior of systems near critical points, introducing concepts like universality and critical exponents, and illustrating how statistical mechanics can explain these universal behaviors across seemingly disparate physical systems. A crucial chapter will be dedicated to the quantum nature of matter. The distinction between classical and quantum statistics becomes paramount when dealing with systems at low temperatures or high densities. We will meticulously derive and analyze the Bose-Einstein distribution for bosons and the Fermi-Dirac distribution for fermions. This will lead us to a profound understanding of phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation, the behavior of electrons in metals (leading to the concept of the Fermi surface and degenerate Fermi gases), and the thermal properties of solids described by the Debye model. The exquisite predictions of quantum statistics for phenomena like superconductivity and superfluidity will also be touched upon, highlighting the predictive power of this framework. Furthermore, the book will explore the statistical mechanics of systems with discrete degrees of freedom, such as magnetic systems. The Ising model, a simple yet remarkably powerful model of ferromagnetism, will be analyzed to understand the emergence of spontaneous magnetization and magnetic phase transitions. We will explore mean-field approximations and discuss the limitations and extensions of such approaches. The discussion will extend to more complex and contemporary topics. We will explore the statistical mechanics of non-equilibrium systems, a crucial area for understanding irreversible processes and transport phenomena. Concepts like the Boltzmann equation and linear response theory will be introduced, providing tools to analyze systems that are not in thermal equilibrium. The role of fluctuations will also be emphasized, showcasing how deviations from average behavior can be as important as the averages themselves in understanding physical phenomena. Throughout the text, a strong emphasis will be placed on developing problem-solving skills. Each chapter will be replete with carefully selected examples and exercises, ranging from straightforward applications of the derived formulas to more challenging conceptual problems that encourage deeper thinking. These problems are designed not only to test comprehension but also to foster the ability to apply the principles of statistical mechanics to novel situations. In essence, "Statistical Mechanics" aims to provide a comprehensive and accessible introduction to a field that is both intellectually stimulating and practically indispensable. It seeks to demystify the intricate dance of atoms and molecules, revealing the elegant statistical laws that govern their collective behavior and ultimately shape the macroscopic world we experience. The reader will emerge with a profound appreciation for the power of statistical reasoning and its ability to unravel the complexities of nature.

評分☆☆☆☆☆

9.5节用最概然分布处理理想气体，把接近的能级分到一个组，每组对应的粒子按经典或量子的规则随机分布，初学者肯定纳闷，能量不同分布概率当然不同呀，你不是就要推出玻尔兹曼分布吗，怎么又事先假设随机分布了。更好的理解是把分组看做能级的简并，同一组能级的能量是相等的。...

評分☆☆☆☆☆

9.5节用最概然分布处理理想气体，把接近的能级分到一个组，每组对应的粒子按经典或量子的规则随机分布，初学者肯定纳闷，能量不同分布概率当然不同呀，你不是就要推出玻尔兹曼分布吗，怎么又事先假设随机分布了。更好的理解是把分组看做能级的简并，同一组能级的能量是相等的。...

評分☆☆☆☆☆

9.5节用最概然分布处理理想气体，把接近的能级分到一个组，每组对应的粒子按经典或量子的规则随机分布，初学者肯定纳闷，能量不同分布概率当然不同呀，你不是就要推出玻尔兹曼分布吗，怎么又事先假设随机分布了。更好的理解是把分组看做能级的简并，同一组能级的能量是相等的。...

評分☆☆☆☆☆

9.5节用最概然分布处理理想气体，把接近的能级分到一个组，每组对应的粒子按经典或量子的规则随机分布，初学者肯定纳闷，能量不同分布概率当然不同呀，你不是就要推出玻尔兹曼分布吗，怎么又事先假设随机分布了。更好的理解是把分组看做能级的简并，同一组能级的能量是相等的。...

評分☆☆☆☆☆

9.5节用最概然分布处理理想气体，把接近的能级分到一个组，每组对应的粒子按经典或量子的规则随机分布，初学者肯定纳闷，能量不同分布概率当然不同呀，你不是就要推出玻尔兹曼分布吗，怎么又事先假设随机分布了。更好的理解是把分组看做能级的简并，同一组能级的能量是相等的。...

评分☆☆☆☆☆

如果非要用一個詞來形容這本書對教學內容的組織方式，我會選擇“綫性推進”。它按照一個非常清晰的、由簡到繁的邏輯順序展開：從理想氣體開始，逐步引入相互作用、晶格振動，然後過渡到量子統計和漲落理論。這種結構在理論上是完美的，它構建瞭一個堅不可摧的理論體係。然而，在實際應用和現代物理問題的連接上，它顯得有些滯後。例如，在討論到現代凝聚態物理中一些新興的拓撲概念或者非平衡態係統時，你幾乎找不到相關的深入討論，更彆提具體的計算方法瞭。這本書似乎將它的關注點牢牢鎖定在瞭經典的、平衡態的統計力學核心理論上，對於那些希望將統計力學工具應用於前沿研究的讀者來說，這本書更像是一個必要卻不夠用的基礎平颱。它教會瞭你如何建造堅固的基石，但對於如何在這些基石上搭建現代科學的大廈，它提供的指引就非常有限瞭。你需要準備另一套教材來彌補它在現代應用領域的空缺。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

閱讀體驗上，這本書簡直像是在攀登一座沒有固定路綫的懸崖。它對理論推導的嚴謹性是無可挑剔的，每一個步驟都邏輯自洽，無可辯駁。然而，這種極端的數學純粹性，在某種程度上犧牲瞭物理直覺的培養。當我們麵對真實世界的宏觀現象，比如相變或臨界現象時，我更希望書中能穿插一些生動的類比或者曆史背景的介紹，幫助我們將那些抽象的配分函數與我們肉眼可見的物質行為聯係起來。這本書在這方麵顯得異常吝嗇，仿佛認為物理圖像隻是數學形式的粗糙副産品，不值一提。我花瞭大量時間去“解碼”那些公式，試圖從中還原齣粒子之間復雜的相互作用圖景，但書本本身並沒有提供多少嚮導。結果就是，我學會瞭如何用數學語言描述係統，卻依然有些迷茫於“為什麼”——為什麼自由能的微小變化會導緻如此劇地的宏觀響應？對於那些渴望將理論轉化為洞察力的學習者來說，這本書提供瞭一個堅硬的骨架，卻缺少瞭有血有肉的組織。它要求你帶著滿身的知識儲備來閱讀，而不是在你學習的過程中為你添磚加瓦。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

這本書的習題部分，是另一個令人望而生畏的領域。它們的設計目的似乎不是為瞭鞏固課堂所學，而是為瞭測試讀者在完全脫離上下文指導下解決復雜問題的能力。許多題目需要跨章節的知識點進行整閤，且最終答案的推導過程往往異常冗長和技巧性強，常常涉及一些教科書正文中未曾明確提及的數學技巧或特殊函數處理。我經常發現自己被卡在某個特定的代數變換上，即便我已經理解瞭背後的物理思想，也無法將它優雅地錶達齣來。這使得習題更像是一種篩選機製，而不是學習輔助工具。對於想要通過大量練習來內化知識的讀者來說，這無疑是沮喪的來源。成功的完成這些習題，帶給人的更多是“我徵服瞭一道難題”的成就感，而不是“我真正掌握瞭統計力學的精髓”的融會貫通感。它提供的是高強度的智力訓練，而非平滑的學習路徑。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

這本書的排版和圖示方麵，可以說是完全繼承瞭某種“老派”的學術風範，毫不妥協地走著極簡主義路綫。大量的文字堆砌，公式占據瞭主導地位，而插圖，少得可憐，且多為簡單的二維示意圖，對於理解復雜的三維空間構型或動態過程，幫助極其有限。我尤其懷念那些能夠清晰展示相空間軌跡或者能量麵結構的美麗圖示，它們是連接抽象概念與具體物理圖像的橋梁。在這本書裏，你得靠自己想象齣所有的圖形——去想象微正則係綜中那些密集的微觀狀態點，去想象熵增過程中相空間體積的擴張。這種“自己動手，豐衣足食”的哲學對於某些自驅力極強的讀者或許是種挑戰，但對於我這種需要視覺輔助來錨定復雜概念的人來說，無疑是加重瞭理解的負擔。如果能增加一些高質量的、能直觀展示關鍵物理概念的圖錶和例子，這本書的教學效果會提升一個數量級，而不是僅僅依賴於讀者對文字描述的純粹抽象理解能力。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

這本書，坦率地說，是我在物理學學習旅程中遇到的一座難以逾越的高峰。它的深度和廣度令人敬畏，但也因此顯得有些高冷和疏離。初次翻開時，那種撲麵而來的數學公式和抽象概念的洪流，幾乎讓人立刻想要退避三捨。作者似乎對讀者的背景知識抱有一種近乎苛刻的預設，每一個章節的銜接都建立在讀者已經完全掌握瞭前置知識的基礎上，對於那些需要反復咀嚼纔能理解的物理圖像，書中的闡述往往過於簡潔，留下瞭大量的“自行腦補”空間。我記得在嘗試理解玻爾茲曼因子和係綜理論時，我不得不頻繁地查閱微積分和綫性代數的前置材料，這極大地打斷瞭閱讀的流暢性。它更像是一本給已經精通該領域的研究人員準備的參考手冊，而非一本旨在啓濛新手的教科書。如果你希望通過這本書建立起對統計力學直觀而堅實的理解，我建議你準備好大量的輔助材料和充沛的耐心，否則，你很可能會在第三章的某個積分發散點上迷失方嚮，最終悻悻然地閤上它，感覺自己隻觸及瞭冰山一角。這本書的價值毋庸置疑，但它的“可及性”絕對是一個需要認真考量的問題。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

Part A only

评分☆☆☆☆☆

差不多刷瞭整本 || 黃先生的書也很棒，隻看瞭下半本，很容易讀進去，但沒做題。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

隻讀瞭初等統計力學部分，該講的都講到瞭，但是條理不夠清晰。相比更喜歡pathria那本。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

Part A only

评分☆☆☆☆☆

差不多刷瞭整本 || 黃先生的書也很棒，隻看瞭下半本，很容易讀進去，但沒做題。