Introduction
Chapter 1. Text
1.1. string — Text Constants and Templates
1.2. textwrap — Formatting Text Paragraphs
1.3. re — Regular Expressions
1.4. difflib — Compare Sequences
Chapter 2. Data Structures
2.1. enum – Enumeration Type
2.2. collections — Container Data Types
2.3. array — Sequence of Fixed-type Data
2.4. heapq – Heap Sort Algorithm
2.5. bisect — Maintain Lists in Sorted Order
2.6. queue — Thread-safe FIFO Implementation
2.7. struct — Binary Data Structures
2.8. weakref — Impermanent References to Objects
2.9. copy — Duplicate Objects
2.10. pprint — Pretty-print Data Structures
Chapter 3. Algorithms
3.1. functools — Tools for Manipulating Functions
3.2. itertools — Iterator Functions
3.3. operator — Functional Interface to Built-in Operators
3.4. contextlib — Context Manager Utilities
Chapter 4. Dates and Times
4.1. time — Clock Time
4.2. datetime — Date and Time Value Manipulation
4.3. calendar — Work with Dates
Chapter 5. Mathematics
5.1. decimal — Fixed and Floating Point Math
5.2. fractions — Rational Numbers
5.3. random — Pseudorandom Number Generators
5.4. math — Mathematical Functions
5.5. statistics — Statistical Calculations
Chapter 6. The File System
6.1. os.path — Platform-independent Manipulation of Filenames
6.2. pathlib — Filesystem Paths as Objects
6.3. glob — Filename Pattern Matching
6.4. fnmatch — Unix-style Glob Pattern Matching
6.5. linecache — Read Text Files Efficiently
6.6. tempfile — Temporary File System Objects
6.7. shutil — High-level File Operations
6.8. filecmp — Compare Files
6.9. mmap — Memory-map Files
6.10. codecs — String Encoding and Decoding
6.11. io — Text, Binary, and Raw Stream I/O Tools
Chapter 7. Data Persistence and Exchange
7.1. pickle — Object Serialization
7.2. shelve — Persistent Storage of Objects
7.3. dbm — Unix Key-Value Databases
7.4. sqlite3 — Embedded Relational Database
7.5. xml.etree.ElementTree — XML Manipulation API
7.6. csv — Comma-separated Value Files
Chapter 8. Data Compression and Archiving
8.1. zlib — GNU zlib Compression
8.2. gzip — Read and Write GNU zip Files
8.3. bz2 — bzip2 Compression
8.4. tarfile — Tar Archive Access
8.4. tarfile — Tar Archive Access 489
8.5. zipfile — ZIP Archive Access
Chapter 9. Cryptography
9.1. hashlib — Cryptographic Hashing
9.2. hmac — Cryptographic Message Signing and Verification
Chapter 10. Concurrency with Processes, Threads, and Coroutines
10.1. subprocess — Spawning Additional Processes
10.2. signal — Asynchronous System Events
10.3. threading — Manage Concurrent Operations Within a Process
10.4. multiprocessing — Manage Processes Like Threads
10.5. asyncio — Asynchronous I/O, event loop, and concurrency tools
10.6. concurrent.futures — Manage Pools of Concurrent Tasks
Chapter 11. Networking
11.1. ipaddress — Internet Addresses
11.2. socket — Network Communication
11.3. selectors — I/O Multiplexing Abstractions
11.4. select — Wait for I/O Efficiently
11.5. socketserver — Creating Network Servers
Chapter 12. The Internet
12.1. urllib.parse — Split URLs into Components
12.2. urllib.request — Network Resource Access
12.3. urllib.robotparser — Internet Spider Access Control
12.4. base64 — Encode Binary Data with ASCII
12.5. http.server — Base Classes for Implementing Web Servers
12.6. http.cookies — HTTP Cookies
12.7. webbrowser — Displays web pages
12.8. uuid — Universally Unique Identifiers
12.9. json — JavaScript Object Notation
12.10. xmlrpc.client — Client Library for XML-RPC
12.11. xmlrpc.server — An XML-RPC server
Chapter 13. Email
13.1. smtplib — Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
13.2. smtpd — Sample Mail Servers
13.3. mailbox — Manipulate Email Archives
13.4. imaplib — IMAP4 Client Library
Chapter 14. Application Building Blocks
14.1. argparse — Command-Line Option and Argument Parsing
14.2. getopt — Command Line Option Parsing
14.3. readline — The GNU readline Library
14.4. getpass — Secure Password Prompt
14.5. cmd — Line-oriented Command Processors
14.6. shlex — Parse Shell-style Syntaxes
14.7. configparser — Work with Configuration Files
14.8. logging — Report Status, Error, and Informational Messages
14.9. fileinput — Command-Line Filter Framework
14.10. atexit — Program Shutdown Callbacks
14.11. sched — Timed Event Scheduler
Chapter 15. Internationalization and Localization
15.1. gettext — Message Catalogs
15.2. locale — Cultural Localization API
Chapter 16. Developer Tools
16.1. pydoc — Online Help for Modules
16.2. doctest — Testing Through Documentation
16.3. unittest — Automated Testing Framework
16.4. trace — Follow Program Flow
16.5. traceback — Exceptions and Stack Traces
16.6. cgitb — Detailed Traceback Reports
16.7. pdb — Interactive Debugger
16.8. profile and pstats — Performance Analysis
16.9. timeit — Time the execution of small bits of Python code.
16.10. tabnanny — Indentation validator
16.11. compileall — Byte-compile Source Files
16.12. pyclbr — Class Browser
16.13. venv — Create Virtual Environments
16.14. ensurepip — Install the Python Package Installer
Chapter 17. Runtime Features
17.1. site — Site-wide Configuration
17.2. sys — System-specific Configuration
17.3. os — Portable access to operating system specific features
17.4. platform — System Version Information
17.5. resource — System Resource Management
17.6. gc — Garbage Collector
17.7. sysconfig — Interpreter Compile-time Configuration
Chapter 18. Language Tools
18.1. warnings — Non-fatal Alerts
18.2. abc — Abstract Base Classes
18.3. dis — Python Bytecode Disassembler
18.4. inspect — Inspect Live Objects
Chapter 19. Modules and Packages
19.1. importlib — Python’s Import Mechanism
19.2. pkgutil — Package Utilities
19.3. zipimport — Load Python Code from ZIP Archives
Appendix A Porting Notes
A.1. References
A.2. New Modules
A.3. Renamed Modules
A.4. Removed Modules
A.5. Deprecated Modules
A.6. Summary of Changes to Modules
Appendix B Outside of the Standard Library
B.1. Text
B.2. Algorithms
B.3. Dates and Times
B.4. Mathematics
B.5. Data Persistence and Exchange
B.6. Cryptography
B.7. Concurrency with Processes, Threads, and Coroutines
B.8. The Internet
B.9. Email
B.10. Application Building Blocks
B.11. Developer Tools
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