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Schneider, Friedrich/ Enste, Dominik H. 作者

Cambridge Univ Pr

譯者

2003-3 出版日期

238 頁數

$ 100.57 價格

HRD

叢書系列

9780521814089 圖書編碼

The Shadow Economy 在線電子書圖書標籤: 經濟學

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發表於2024-11-27

The Shadow Economy 在線電子書 epub 下載 mobi 下載 pdf 下載 txt 下載 2024

The Shadow Economy 在線電子書 epub 下載 pdf 下載 mobi 下載 txt 下載 2024

The Shadow Economy 在線電子書 pdf 下載 txt下載 epub 下載 mobi 下載 2024

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The Shadow Economy 在線電子書 pdf 下載 txt下載 epub 下載 mobi 在線電子書下載

The Shadow Economy 在線電子書圖書描述

Illicit work, social security fraud, economic crime and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an international problem. Friedrich Schneider and Dominik H. Enste use currency demand, physical input (electricity) method, and the model approach to estimate the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition and OECD-countries. They argue that during the 1990s the average size of a shadow economy varied from 12 per cent of GDP for OECD, to 23 per cent for transition and to 39% for developing countries. They examine the causes and consequences of this development using an integrated approach explaining deviant behaviour, which combines the findings of economic, sociological and psychological research. The authors suggest that increasing taxation, social security contributions, rising state regulatory activities and the decline of the tax morale, are all driving forces behind this growth, especially in OECD-countries. They propose a reform of state institutions to improve the dynamics of the official economy.

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