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Visual culture is central to how we communicate. Our lives are dominated by images and by visual technologies that allow for the local and global circulation of ideas, information, and politics. In this increasingly visual world, how can we best decipher and understand the many ways that our everyday lives are organized around looking practices and the many images we encounter each day? Now in a new edition, Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture provides a comprehensive and engaging overview of how we understand a wide array of visual media and how we use images to express ourselves, to communicate, to play, and to learn. Marita Sturken and Lisa Cartwright--two leading scholars in the emergent and dynamic field of visual culture and communication--examine the diverse range of approaches to visual analysis and lead students through key theories and concepts. Using clear, accessible language, vivid examples, and more than 250 full-color illustrations, the authors both explain and apply theory as they discuss how we see paintings, prints, photographs, film, television, video, advertisements, the news, the Internet, digital media, and visualization techniques in medicine and science. This truly interdisciplinary text bridges art history, film, media, and cultural studies to investigate how images carry meaning within and between different cultural arenas in everyday life, from art and commerce to science and the law. Sturken and Cartwright analyze images in relation to a wide spectrum of cultural and representational issues (desire, power, the gaze, bodies, sexuality, and ethnicity) and methodologies (semiotics, Marxism, psychoanalysis, feminism, and postcolonial theory). Thoroughly updated to incorporate cutting-edge theoretical research, the second edition examines the following new topics: the surge of new media technologies; the impact of globalization on the flow of information and media form and content; and how nationalism and security concerns have changed our looking practices in the aftermath of 9/11. Challenging yet accessible, Practices of Looking is ideal for courses across a range of disciplines, including media and film studies, communications, art history, and photography. Beautifully designed and now in a larger format and in full color throughout, Practices of Looking is an invaluable guide to understanding the complexities, contradictions, and pleasures of the visual world. Instructor's manual availalbe online.

Marita Sturken is Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication at New York University.

Lisa Cartwright is Professor of Communication and Science Studies at the University of California at San Diego.

CHAPTER 1: IMAGES, POWER, AND POLITICS
Representation
The Myth of Photographic Truth
Images and Ideology
How We Negotiate the Meaning of Images
The Value of Images
Image Icons
CHAPTER 2: VIEWERS MAKE MEANING
Producers' Intended Meanings
Aesthetics and Taste
Collecting, Display, and Institutional Critique
Reading Images as Ideological Subjects
Encoding and Decoding
Reception and the Audience
Appropriation and Cultural Production
Re-appropriation and Counter-Bricolage
CHAPTER 3: MODERNITY: SPECTATORSHIP, POWER, AND KNOWLEDGE
The Subject in Modernity
Spectatorship
Discourse and Power
The Gaze and the Other
The Gaze in Psychoanalysis
Gender and the Gaze
Changing Concepts of the Gaze
CHAPTER 4: REALISM AND PERSPECTIVE: FROM RENAISSANCE PAINTING TO DIGITAL MEDIA
Visual Codes and Historical Meaning
Questions of Realism
The History of Perspective
Perspective and the Body
The Camera Obscura
Challenges to Perspective
Perspective in Digital Media
CHAPTER 5: VISUAL TECHNOLOGIES, IMAGE REPRODUCTION, AND THE COPY
Visual Technologies
Motion and Sequence
Image Reproduction: The Copy
Walter Benjamin and Mechanical Reproduction
The Politics of Reproducibility
Copies, Ownership, and Copyright
Reproduction and the Digital Image
CHAPTER 6: MEDIA IN EVERYDAY LIFE
The Masses and Mass Media
Media Forms
Broadcast, Narrowcast, and Webcast Media
The History of Mass Media Critiques
Media and Democratic Potential
Media and the Public Sphere
National and Global Media Events
Contemporary Media and Image Flows
CHAPTER 7: ADVERTISING, CONSUMER CULTURES, AND DESIRE
Consumer Societies
Envy, Desire, and Belonging
Commodity Culture and Commodity Fetishism
Brands and Their Meanings
The Marketing of Coolness
Anti-ads and Culture Jamming
CHAPTER 8: POSTMODERNISM, INDIE MEDIA, AND POPULAR CULTURE
Postmodernism and its Visual Cultures
Addressing the Postmodern Subject
Reflexivity and Postmodern Identity
Pastiche, Parody, and the Remake
Indie Media and Postmodern Approaches to the Market
Postmodern Space, Geography, and the Built Environment
CHAPTER 9: SCIENTIFIC LOOKING, LOOKING AT SCIENCE
The Theater of Science
Images as Evidence: Cataloguing the Body
Imaging the Body's Interior: Biomedical Personhood
Vision and Truth
Imaging Genetics
The Digital Body
Visualizing Pharmaceuticals
CHAPTER 10: THE GLOBAL FLOW OF VISUAL CULTURE
The Global Subject and the Global Gaze
Cultural Imperialism
Global Branding
Concepts of Globalization
Visuality and Global Media Flow
Indigenous and Diasporic Media
Borders and Franchises: Art and the Global
Glossary
Acknowledgments
Illustration
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