Introduction
Opium War Policies: Some Interpretations
The Literati: An Anticipatory Overview
Part 1: The Literati Re-Ascendant
Who Were the Literati?
Ideals of Career Patronage
Constraints on Clique Politics
The Hsuan-an Poetry Club as a Literati Faction
As a Bureaucratic Patronage Clique
As a Brotherhood of Aesthete-Connoisseurs
Political Failure
Aftermath: Lin Tse-hsu's Northern Reclamation Plan
Part 2: The Rise of the Spring Purification Circle
As a Personal Network
As a Political Faction
Ritual and Symbol
Literary and Scholastic Philosophy
The Ideal of "Moral Censure" (ching-i) Politics
Part 3: The Politics of Opium Suppression
The Case Against Embargo
The Legalization Initiative of 1836
The Failure of the Initiative
Intransigents Take the Helm
Part 4: The Myth of Victory in Kwangtung
Lin Tse-hsu and the Anti-Opium Campaign
Lin Tse-hsu versus Ch'i-shan
The Siege of Canton
San-yuan-li
Paramilitary Realities
Part 5: The Debate Over the Conduct of the War
Ch'i-shan and the Tientsin Negotiations
The Case of Yao Ying on Taiwan
Wei Yuan and the Strategy of Defensive War
Yao Ying and Britain's Vulnerability in South Asia
Part 6: The Ku Yen-Wu Shrine Association
The Mu-chang-a Government and Literati Political Influence
Political Organization of the Association
Ritual and Scholastic Philosophy
In Search of a Political Program
Part 7: The End of Manchu Diplomacy
The Second Victory of the Cantonese
Showdown
The Bonham Letter
The Crisis in Kwangsi
The Recall of Lin Tse-hsu
Part 8: Epilogue
Notes
Bibliography
Glossary/Index
· · · · · · (收起)