Ernest Gellner was Professor of Philosophy at the London School of Economics from 1962 to 1984, when he became Professor of Social Anthropology at Cambridge University. Before his death in 1995, he was Research Professor and Director of the Center for the Study of Nationalism at the Central European University in Prague. His many books include Words and Things, Thoughts and Change, Saints of the Atlas, Nations and Nationalism, Culture, Identity and Politics, Plough, Sword, and Book, and Conditions of Liberty

In this incisive and provocative book, completed just before his death, Ernest Gellner - described as "one of the last of the great central European polymath intellectuals" by the Financial Times - explores the phenomenon of nationalism, tracing its emergence and roots in the modern industrialized nation state, its links with romanticism and its creation of national myhs. He investigates its various manifestations and reveals how in long established states such as France, it has been relatively benign, while in Eastern Europe in particular - where nationalist feeling preceded the emergence of modern states - its influence has been far more problematic, and at times disastrous. Finally, the book explores the prospects of minimizing the influence of nationalist feeling and cautiously anticipates the possibility of its decline in this decade of continuing atrocities and "ethnic cleansing."