陀思妥耶夫斯基（Dostoieevsky, 1821-1881）是19世纪群星灿烂的俄国文坛上一颗耀眼的明星，与列夫·托尔斯泰、屠格涅夫等人齐名，是俄国文学的卓越代表，他所走过的是一条极为艰辛、复杂的生活与创作道路，是俄国文学史上最复杂、最矛盾的作家之一。即如有人所说“托尔斯泰代表了俄罗斯文学的广度，陀思妥耶夫斯基则代表了俄罗斯文学的深度”。

1821年，陀思妥耶夫斯基出生在的一个医生家庭。他的童年是在父亲的庄园里度过的，因而接触到了农奴的实际生活。1834年他进入莫斯科契尔马克寄宿中学，毕业后入彼得堡军事工程学校，在该校工程部制图局工作。一年后，他自动离职，专门从事文学创作。1846年，他写出了自己的第一部作品《穷人》。小说一出版，即轰动文坛，受到读者的普遍赞扬。文学批评家别林斯基称之为“社会小说的第一次尝试”。之后，他又先后写出了《双重人格》、《女房东》、《白昼》和《脆弱的心》等几个中篇小说。

1849-1859年，陀思妥耶夫斯基因参加革命活动被沙丘政府逮捕并流放西伯利亚。

流放回来后，陀思妥耶夫斯基继续拿起笔进行创作。经过了长期身体和心灵折磨，陀思妥耶夫斯基对于生活的反思更为深刻，思想也更为深邃。从1861年起，他先后发表了《被侮辱与被损害的》、《死屋手记》、《罪与罚》、《白痴》、《群魔》、《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》等重要作品。

其中，1866年发表的《罪与罚》，为作者赢得了世界性的声誉。

而1880年发表的《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》（或译《卡拉马助夫兄弟们》），更是作者哲学思考的总结，被称为人类有文明历史以来最为伟大的小说。有作家点评：“陀思妥耶夫斯基一生执著于研讨人与上帝的关系，经常摆荡于天堂与地狱之间，穿梭于神性与魔性的两极，直到他年届六十，终于写下《卡拉马助夫兄弟们》，在人类精神领域中，竖立了一座高峰。”

陀思妥耶夫斯基并非开创心理叙事的鼻祖，但他绝对是发展心理和意识描写的一代宗师，其于身后影响巨大，西方的众多作家都将其奉为圭臬，以至于在他们的作品中都可或多或少地发现陀氏的影子。

陀思妥耶夫斯基是心理描写的专家，醉心于病态的心理描写，不仅写行为的结果，而且着重描述行为发生的心理活动过程，特别是那些自觉不自觉的反常行为、近乎昏迷与疯狂的反常状态。而人物的思想行为反常，恰恰又是他作品的特点。他对人类肉体与精神痛苦的震撼人心的描写是其他作家难以企及的。他的小说戏剧性强，情节发展快，接踵而来的灾难性事件往往伴随归档心理斗争和痛苦的精神危机，以此揭露阙关系的纷繁复杂、矛盾重重和深刻的悲剧性。陀思妥耶夫斯基的善恶矛盾性格组合、深层心理活动描写都对后世作家产生深刻影响。

陀思妥耶夫斯基的创作影响，远远走出俄国以外。现实主义派的作家从他的创作中可以吸收到有益的营养，现代派作家则把他的作品奉为经典，而称他本人为他们的先驱和导师。

"Demons", also known as "The Possessed" or "The Devils", is a dark masterpiece that evokes a world where the lines between and good and evil long ago became blurred. This "Penguin Classics" edition of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's "Demons" is translated by Robert A. Maguire and edited by Ronald Meyer, with an introduction by Robert L. Belknap. Pyotr Verkhovensky and Nikolai Stavrogin are the leaders of a Russian revolutionary cell. Their aim is to overthrow the Tsar, destroy society and seize power for themselves. Together they train terrorists who are willing to go to any lengths to achieve their goals - even if the mission means suicide. But when it seems their motley group is about to be discovered, will their recruits be willing to kill one of their own circle in order to cover their tracks? As the ensuing investigation and trial reveal the true identity of the murderer, Dostoyevsky's and everyone's faith in humanity is tested. Partly based on the real-life case of a student murdered by his fellow revolutionaries, Dostoyevsky's sprawling novel is a powerful and prophetic, yet lively and often comic depiction of nineteenth-century Russia, and a savage indictment of the madness and nihilism of those who use violence to serve their beliefs. Robert A. Maguire's superb translation captures Dostoyevsky's vigorous prose. In his introduction, Robert L. Belknap discusses Dostoyevsky's own revolutionary activities, his narrative technique and use of different genres, and the background of Radicalism in Imperial Russia. Edited by Ronald Meyer, this volume also includes a chronology, further reading, notes and a glossary. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky (1821-1881) was born in Moscow. From 1849-54 he lived in a convict prison, and in later years his passion for gambling led him deeply into debt. His other works available in "Penguin Classics" include "Crime & Punishment", "The Idiot and Demons". If you enjoyed "Demons", you might like Joris-Karl Huysmans' "The Damned (La-Bas)", also available in "Penguin Classics".