Chapter 0　Introduction　1
0.1　The Role of Algorithms　2
0.2　The History of Computing　4
0.3　The Science of Algorithms　10
0.4　Abstraction　11
0.5　An Outline of Our Study　12
0.6　Social Repercussions　13
Chapter 1　Data Storage　19
1.1　Bits and Their Storage　20
1.2　Main Memory　26
1.3　Mass Storage　29
1.4　Representing Information as Bit Patterns　35
*1.5　The Binary System　42
*1.6　Storing Integers　47
*1.7　Storing Fractions　53
*1.8　Data Compression　58
*1.9　Communication Errors　63
Chapter 2　Data Manipulation　73
2.1　Computer Architecture　74
2.2　Machine Language　77
2.3　Program Execution　83
*2.4　Arithmetic/Logic Instructions　90
*2.5　Communicating with Other Devices　94
*2.6　Other Architectures　100
Chapter 3　Operating Systems　109
3.1　The History of Operating Systems　110
3.2　Operating System Architecture　114
3.3　Coordinating the Machine’s Activities　122
*3.4　Handling Competition Among Processes　125
3.5　Security　130
Chapter 4　Networking and the Internet　139
4.1　Network Fundamentals　140
4.2　The Internet　149
4.3　The World Wide Web　158
*4.4　Internet Protocols　167
4.5　Security　173
Chapter 5　Algorithms　187
5.1　The Concept of an Algorithm　188
5.2　Algorithm Representation　191
5.3　Algorithm Discovery　198
5.4　Iterative Structures　204
5.5　Recursive Structures　214
5.6　Efficiency and Correctness　222
Chapter 6　Programming Languages　239
6.1　Historical Perspective　240
6.2　Traditional Programming Concepts　248
6.3　Procedural Units　260
6.4　Language Implementation　268
6.5　Object-Oriented Programming　276
*6.6　Programming Concurrent Activities　283
*6.7　Declarative Programming　286
Chapter 7　Software Engineering　299
7.1　The Software Engineering Discipline　300
7.2　The Software Life Cycle　302
7.3　Software Engineering Methodologies　306
7.4　Modularity　308
7.5　Tools of the Trade　316
7.6　Quality Assurance　324
7.7　Documentation　328
7.8　The Human-Machine Interface　329
7.9　Software Ownership and Liability　332
Chapter 8　Data Abstractions　341
8.1　Basic Data Structures　342
8.2　Related Concepts　345
8.3　Implementing Data Structures　348
8.4　A Short Case Study　362
8.5　Customized Data Types　367
*8.6　Classes and Objects　371
*8.7　Pointers in Machine Language　372
Chapter 9　Database Systems　383
9.1　Database Fundamentals　384
9.2　The Relational Model　389
*9.3　Object-Oriented Databases　400
*9.4　Maintaining Database Integrity　402
*9.5　Traditional File Structures　406
9.6　Data Mining　414
9.7　Social Impact of Database Technology　416
Chapter 10　Computer Graphics　425
10.1　The Scope of Computer Graphics　426
10.2　Overview of 3D Graphics　428
10.3　Modeling　430
10.4　Rendering　439
*10.5　Dealing with Global Lighting　449
10.6　Animation　452
Chapter 11　Artificial Intelligence　461
11.1　Intelligence and Machines　462
11.2　Perception　467
11.3　Reasoning　473
11.4　Additional Areas of Research　484
11.5　Artificial Neural Networks　489
11.6　Robotics　497
11.7　Considering the Consequences　500
Chapter 12　Theory of Computation　509
12.1　Functions and Their Computation　510
12.2　Turing Machines　512
12.3　Universal Programming Languages　516
12.4　A Noncomputable Function　522
12.5　Complexity of Problems　527
*12.6　Public-Key Cryptography　536
Appendixes　545
A　ASCII　547
B　Circuits to Manipulate Two's Complement Representations　548
C　A Simple Machine Language　551
D　High-Level Programming Languages　553
E　The Equivalence of Iterative and Recursive Structures　555
F　Answers to Questions & Exercises　557
Index　597
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