Mancur Lloyd Olson, Jr. (pronounced /ˈmænsər/[1] or /ˈmæŋkər/; January 22, 1932 – February 19, 1998) was a leading American economist and social scientist who, at the time of his death, worked at the University of Maryland, College Park. Among other areas, he made contributions to institutional economics on the role of private property, taxation, public goods, collective action and contract rights in economic development. Olson focused on the logical basis of interest group membership and participation. The reigning political theories of his day granted groups an almost primordial status. Some appealed to a natural human instinct for herding, others ascribed the formation of groups that are rooted in kinship to the process of modernization. Olson offered a radically different account of the logical basis of organized collective action.
This book develops an original theory of group and organizational behavior that cuts across disciplinary lines and illustrates the theory with empirical and historical studies of particular organizations. Applying economic analysis to the subjects of the political scientist, sociologist, and economist, Mr. Olson examines the extent to which the individuals that share a common interest find it in their individual interest to bear the costs of the organizational effort.
The theory shows that most organizations produce what the economist calls "public goods"--goods or services that are available to every member, whether or not he has borne any of the costs of providing them. Economists have long understood that defense, law and order were public goods that could not be marketed to individuals, and that taxation was necessary. They have not, however, taken account of the fact that private as well as governmental organizations produce public goods.
“一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。”这句耳熟能详的谚语故事想必很多人都知道。但我们往往只停留在故事本身的趣味性上,而忽视了它真正想表达的含义:“在一个群体中,随着人数的增多,人们主动为集体贡献的意愿会不断降低。” 我们生活中也到处是这样的例子...
评分上“行政学经典著作和前沿问题”的博士生课需要阅读大量的文献,并从中学会研究问题的方法,今天课上重点讨论的是David M. Hart的《奥尔森理论的再验证》(Political Representation Among Dominant Firms: Revisiting the "Olsonian Hypothesis"),涉及到对奥尔森集体行动...
评分 评分大致地看了一下奥尔森的《集体行动的逻辑》,总感觉着一直在围绕着一个主题——“利益”,各种各样的利益,无论哪种行为,最终都会被归结为简单的利益,这的确也是十分简单的道理,或许这与我们曾经接受过的一些东西发生了冲突,给人一种三观混乱的感觉,我不知道该如何评价他...
评分Thesis: Members of large groups tend not to sacrifice for collective good.
评分members of large groups have no incentives to take collective action to obtain collective goods
评分不管后人怎么吐槽,奥尔森的理论能抓住社会变迁背后的一些关键机制,能与一些现有理论对话,且也足够简约,这就够了~
评分“搭便车”的概念从此深入骨髓
评分Mancur Olson是个天才
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