Douglass C. North is also professor of history and a fellow of the Center in Political Economy. He was on the faculty of the University of Washington and held visiting chairs at Cambridge and Rice Universities. In 1993 he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and has served as president of the Economic History Association and the Western Economic Association. His major interest is the evolution of economic and political institutions. The effects of institutions on the development of economies through time is a major emphasis in his work in both economic history and development. Among his books are The Rise of the Western World (with R. P. Thomas, 2nd edition), 1973, Growth and Welfare in the American Past, 1973, Structure and Change in Economic History, 1981, and Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, 1990.
This is a landmark book on the impact of property rights on European economic development. Published over a quarter of a century ago, its stated goal is "... to suggest new paths for the study of European economic history rather than ... either [a detailed and exhaustive study or a precise empirical test that are the] ... standard formats" (p. vii). North and Thomas attempt to identify the elements that allowed the Western European economy to rise to affluence. Their argument is made transparent in Chapter One (Theory and Overview): the key to growth was and is an efficient economic system. Efficient in the sense that the system of property rights gives individuals incentives to innovate and produce, and, conversely inhibits those activities (rent-seeking, theft, arbitrary confiscation and/or excessive taxation) that reduce individual incentives. They argue that property rights are classic public goods because: (1) once a more efficient set of property rights is discovered the marginal cost of copying it is low (compared to the cost of discovering and developing it); (2) it is prohibitively expensive to prevent other political jurisdictions from emulating a more efficient set of property rights regardless of whether they contributed to their construction; (3) and finally, the idea of a set of property rights, like all ideas, is non-rival -- we can all consume the same idea and the "stock" of the idea is not diminished. These public good aspects lead them to conclude that there may be under investment in the attempts to create more efficient sets of property rights because the jurisdiction that invests in the development of property rights pays the entire cost of their development but receives only benefits that accrue to its jurisdiction, while other jurisdictions can get the benefits without any of the developmental costs. Thus, the problems of public goods and the "free riders."
总体读下来,整本书通俗易懂,在对历史的描绘中能够深刻感知到作者对相关理论和知识体系的阐述。从而让我打开了对制度发展认识的全新视角。 历史的发展总是偶然之中蕴含必然。在当时,谁会预料到法国的强有力的统治最终成为了阻碍其要素自由流动和经济进一步发展的限制性条件。...
评分第一章 问题 一、中心论点 本书的中心论点是有效率的经济组织是经济增长的关键;一个有效率的经济组织在西欧的发展正是西方兴起的原因所在。有效率的经济组织能够使个人的经济努力的私人收益率接近社会收益率,从而提供最有效的激励。市场机制能够发挥配置资源的作用关键还是参...
评分所有权结构在尼德兰和英格兰业已发展,从而为持续的经济增长提供了必须的刺激。它们包括鼓励创新和随后工业化所需要的种种诱因。产业革命不是现代经济增长的原因。它是提高发展新技术和讲它应用于生产过程的私人收益率的结果。 此外,国际竞争还带来了强大动力,促使其他国家改...
评分什么是经济增长?经济增长的动因是什么? 在马克思眼中,创造更多的价值就意味着经济的增长,价值的增多要靠生产率的提高,而技术革新有利于生产率的提高,于是经济增长的动因就落在了技术革新上;在诺斯眼中,经济增长即人均收入的持续增长,意味着社会总收入必然比人口增长得...
评分西方世界为何能够在近代兴起?这便是这本书要回答的问题。 什么才是经济增长的内在动因呢?这本书开宗明义的指出,“有效率的经济组织是经济增长的核心”,这也是西欧崛起的原因。而有效率的组织需要建立产权制度,以刺激“将个人的经济努力变成私人收益率接近社会收益率”的活...
我始终还是觉得 黑死病主义是流氓行为、、
评分诺斯有名的著作,其中财产权的分析很重要~
评分我始终还是觉得 黑死病主义是流氓行为、、
评分看了一半英文,一半中文
评分我始终还是觉得 黑死病主义是流氓行为、、
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