This is a landmark book on the impact of property rights on European economic development. Published over a quarter of a century ago, its stated goal is "... to suggest new paths for the study of European economic history rather than ... either [a detailed and exhaustive study or a precise empirical test that are the] ... standard formats" (p. vii). North and Thomas attempt to identify the elements that allowed the Western European economy to rise to affluence. Their argument is made transparent in Chapter One (Theory and Overview): the key to growth was and is an efficient economic system. Efficient in the sense that the system of property rights gives individuals incentives to innovate and produce, and, conversely inhibits those activities (rent-seeking, theft, arbitrary confiscation and/or excessive taxation) that reduce individual incentives. They argue that property rights are classic public goods because: (1) once a more efficient set of property rights is discovered the marginal cost of copying it is low (compared to the cost of discovering and developing it); (2) it is prohibitively expensive to prevent other political jurisdictions from emulating a more efficient set of property rights regardless of whether they contributed to their construction; (3) and finally, the idea of a set of property rights, like all ideas, is non-rival -- we can all consume the same idea and the "stock" of the idea is not diminished. These public good aspects lead them to conclude that there may be under investment in the attempts to create more efficient sets of property rights because the jurisdiction that invests in the development of property rights pays the entire cost of their development but receives only benefits that accrue to its jurisdiction, while other jurisdictions can get the benefits without any of the developmental costs. Thus, the problems of public goods and the "free riders."
Douglass C. North is also professor of history and a fellow of the Center in Political Economy. He was on the faculty of the University of Washington and held visiting chairs at Cambridge and Rice Universities. In 1993 he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and has served as president of the Economic History Association and the Western Economic Association. His major interest is the evolution of economic and political institutions. The effects of institutions on the development of economies through time is a major emphasis in his work in both economic history and development. Among his books are The Rise of the Western World (with R. P. Thomas, 2nd edition), 1973, Growth and Welfare in the American Past, 1973, Structure and Change in Economic History, 1981, and Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, 1990.
1920年我出生于马萨诸塞州的剑桥,是三名子女中最小的一个。因为父亲工作的关系,我们搬了好几次家,而我也因此拥有了十分国际化的教育。我在瑞士和加拿大完成了小学教育,1933年搬回美国后,在那里完成了高中教育。高中时我迷上了摄影,曾在国际性的大专及高中摄影竞赛中...
评分如果没有海外殖民地的扩张,欧洲的民族国家运动也只不过是千年军阀混战的继续。因为很明显的,当这种殖民运动在北美、东亚受阻,同时因为各殖民国在殖民地争夺中互相照面的时候,譬如德、日与英、法的矛盾,就再次爆发了欧洲内战(即一战),这导致了苏俄的出现(之前的...
评分 评分 评分所有权结构在尼德兰和英格兰业已发展,从而为持续的经济增长提供了必须的刺激。它们包括鼓励创新和随后工业化所需要的种种诱因。产业革命不是现代经济增长的原因。它是提高发展新技术和讲它应用于生产过程的私人收益率的结果。 此外,国际竞争还带来了强大动力,促使其他国家改...
无需多说,大师级作品。历史叙述在一些地方还是比较entangled,但总体上来还是给人耳目一新的感觉。简明晚期中世纪与近代早期西方经济史,总体的大背景是中世纪晚期人口增长、土地拓垦导致的庄园经济向商品-货币-市场经济的转型,强调经济组织、强制机关与产权制度在促进私营部门开采市场资源上的关键作用,并形成了西方持续性的经济增长。虽然强调制度在促进经济增长时的作用,但整个的叙事还是建立在市场经济的基础上的。说白了,经济要增长,必须有市场。
评分诺斯有名的著作,其中财产权的分析很重要~
评分这本书也是拖了两年才看完
评分制度经济学的经典之作!
评分这家伙喜欢跑题。对每个国家和时期论述时的重点与史料都使用不均,叙述中也不易分清这是历史现象还是ideally根据经济模型应该有的样子。很重要的土地私有化可流转的史实基本只给了十三世纪英国的。对于最重要的论点:交易成本的降低,在荷兰只讲到其然,未见最重要的所以然(为什么在法国和西班牙就实现不了)。同样解释了西班牙却解释不了更复杂的北意大利。总体的论点是很整齐的。
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