Why Does Inequality Matter? 在線電子書 圖書標籤: 政治哲學 道德哲學 倫理學 哲學 inequality 社會學 政治學 平等
發表於2024-12-23
Why Does Inequality Matter? 在線電子書 pdf 下載 txt下載 epub 下載 mobi 下載 2024
對平等/不平等的證成,采取一種製度依賴的路徑。特彆在應得部分反對不依賴製度的應得(以及能力)。大多數論證都是工具性的(確實有點飄),但作者在最後一頁也承認瞭至少平等關懷作為一種抽象層麵的理由,說明瞭最終還是有非工具性的證成。
評分這本書可以視為Scanlon的契約論在平等話題上的一個應用。但僅就本書而言,並不是很滿意:寫作上,不分小標題,很容易讓人讀飄;論證上,對可能的反對主張處理力度也不夠。
評分meaningless
評分本書對平等議題采取的是一種工具性的論證進路,即從劇烈不平等帶來的影響及後果去論證為什麼不平等應被反對。不采取‘平等的內在價值’作為論證進路可以避免‘嚮下看齊’的反對,但斯坎倫認為工具性的進路不一定導緻優先主義,因驅使我們反對不平等後果的可以是一種從平等齣發的理由,包括平等關切,身份平等,程序平等,公平機會,平等的影響政治的手段。最後討論瞭自由與平等之間的錶麵矛盾,從實踐可行性上反駁瞭從‘應得’齣發支持不平等的理由(貢獻和投入),得齣一個‘弱化’的羅爾斯式的差彆原則:不平等應被反對,除非該反對將侵犯個人自由 或 該不平等對於維持惠及全體的經濟製度運行乃必要。工具性論證策略在結閤具體社會議題時討論更直觀,但作者對‘應得’不平等的可行性反駁略粗糙,沒有在規範性層麵上給齣‘應得’不可取的理據
評分新書,一個試圖把元、規範、應用三層打通的(待補充)範例,新鮮性沒有預想的強。最精彩的是對於Procedural Fairness和Substantive Opportunity的分析,可以拿來套包括教育(尤其是教育!)在內各種討論,但是沒有太強的新鮮感。總體而言,不錯吧,Scanlon為文清簡,風格和水準保持瞭。
T. M. Scanlon attended Princeton University (BA in Philosophy, 1962), studied at Oxford, Brasenose College, 1962-63, and then at Harvard University (PhD in Philosophy, 1968). Scanlon taught philosophy at Princeton 1966-1984, then at Harvard from 1984 until his retirement in 2016. He was one of the founding editors of Philosophy & Public Affairs and has published mainly in moral and political philosophy.
T.M.Scanlon齣席普林斯頓大學(1962年哲學文學士),1962-63年在牛津Brasenose學院學習,後在哈佛大學(哲學博士,1968年)學習。 Scanlon於1966 - 1984年在普林斯頓教授哲學,後於1984年在哈佛任教,直至2016年退休。他是哲學與公共事務的創始編輯之一,主要齣版道德哲學和政治哲學。
Inequality is widely regarded as morally objectionable: T. M. Scanlon investigates why it matters to us. Demands for greater equality can seem puzzling, because it can be unclear what reason people have for objecting to the difference between what they have and what others have, as opposed simply to wanting to be better off. This book examines six such reasons. Inequality can be objectionable because it arises from a failure of some agent to give equal concern to the interests of different parties to whom it is obligated to provide some good. It can be objectionable because it involves or gives rise to objectionable inequalities in status. It can be objectionable because it gives the rich unacceptable forms of control over the lives of those who have less. It can be objectionable because it interferes with the procedural fairness of economic institutions, or because it deprives some people of substantive opportunity to take part in those institutions. Inequality can be objectionable because it interferes with the fairness of political institutions. Finally, inequality in wealth and income can be objectionable because it is unfair: the institutional mechanisms that produce it cannot be justified in the relevant way. Scanlon's aims is to provide a moral anatomy of these six reasons, and the ideas of equality that they involve. He also examines objections to the pursuit of equality on the ground that it involves objectionable interference with individual liberty, and argues that ideas of desert do not provide a basis either for justifying significant economic inequality or for objecting to it.
[https://athenacool.wordpress.com/2019/08/02/%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e4%b8%8d%e5%b9%b3%e7%ad%89%e8%87%b3%e5%85%b3%e9%87%8d%e8%a6%81/] 为什么不平等至关重要 [美]托马斯·斯坎伦 / 陆鹏杰 / 中信出版集团 / 2019-7 子扉我 2019年夏 季风异次元空间二世 原载[回响编...
評分[https://athenacool.wordpress.com/2019/08/02/%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e4%b8%8d%e5%b9%b3%e7%ad%89%e8%87%b3%e5%85%b3%e9%87%8d%e8%a6%81/] 为什么不平等至关重要 [美]托马斯·斯坎伦 / 陆鹏杰 / 中信出版集团 / 2019-7 子扉我 2019年夏 季风异次元空间二世 原载[回响编...
評分Why Does Inequality Matter? 在線電子書 pdf 下載 txt下載 epub 下載 mobi 下載 2024