PREFACE<br > MATHEMATICS FOR PLUMBERS AND PIPE FITTERS was developed to fill<br >the need tbr a specialized course to meet the particular requirements of those in the<br >plumbing and pipe fitting trades. The emphasis， therefore， has been placed on the<br >development of usable skills in layout， measurement， and computation of pipe lengths.<br >The current revision extends coverage to include more recent use of copper and PVC<br >pipe assemblies and some work with metric measure for future use.<br > The sequence of instruction is revised so that the student may consider threaded，<br >copper， and PVC pipe assemblies at the same time because any one type might be used<br >in on-the-job training or in shop classes. In like manner， cast-iron assemblies may be<br >either HUB or NO-HUB applications. Threaded pipe and fittings are economical for<br >shop classes because they can be reused a number of times. Lead and oakum caulked<br >assemblies are also reusable in shop class work. The calculations are provided to enable<br >the student to use good plumbing procedures in the shop and on the job.<br > Metric measure calculations are introduced as just another measuring system.<br >When the architect， engineer， fitting and fixture manufacturers， and others use metric<br >measure， then plumbers can change also. Plumbers will use a metric scale rule but pro-<br >cedure and formulas for pipe assemblies will not be different.<br > The authors who developed this instructional material have a wide background of<br >experience in plumbing instruction in both day and apprentice programs in Buffalo，<br >New York，<br > Bartholomew D Arcangelo， journeyman plumber， plumbing shop instructor， and<br >p)umbmt， estimator， is a member and former officer of Plumbers Local #36， Buffalo，<br >:~ . . /，，rk， of the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing<br > PI， t itti)~g Industry of the United States and Canada. He developed the plumb-<br > ~~~ for day school， set up plumbing instruction in England and Germany<br > ilJlmy personnel， and helped write the apprentice study guides on<br > ~. I>> ;e))l apprentice instruction is based.<br >