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出版者:Macmillan

作者:George O. Curme

出品人:

页数:623

译者:

出版时间:1922

价格:0

装帧:Paperback

isbn号码:9780879682132

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• 必读
• copy
• 600+_pages
• 2_copies
• #0333.G.O.Curme(1860-1948)
• #033.German_grammar
• #030.DaF
• #03.German
• German language
• Grammar
• 1922
• Reference
• Linguistics
• Historical linguistics
• Language learning
• Textbook
• Revised edition
• Philology

A Grammar of the German Language (rev. ed., 1922) A Comprehensive Analysis of Early 20th Century German Structure and Usage This revised edition, published in 1922, stands as a monumental achievement in the field of Germanic philology, offering an exhaustive and meticulously detailed examination of the German language as it was spoken and written in the immediate aftermath of the First World War. Far from being a mere textbook for beginners, this volume serves as a deep, scholarly dissection of the intricate grammatical machinery underpinning High German, reflecting the established norms and emerging nuances of the era. The work is structured logically, moving from the foundational elements of phonology and orthography through to the complexities of syntax and morphology, providing both descriptive analysis and prescriptive guidance rooted in the pedagogical standards of the time. Part I: Phonetics and Orthography The initial section dedicates substantial space to the pronunciation of German, detailing the precise articulation of vowels and consonants, including crucial distinctions between long and short vowels, and the realization of umlauts ($ddot{a}, ddot{o}, ddot{u}$) and diphthongs. The treatment of stress patterns—a vital element distinguishing German from many other European languages—is given rigorous attention, showing how syllabic weight influences inflection and word grouping. The orthography chapters meticulously codify the spelling rules prevalent in 1922. This includes detailed mappings of sound-to-letter correspondence, the conventions surrounding capitalization (particularly the mandatory capitalization of all nouns), and the use of the German long 's' ($int$) and eszett ($eta$), though by this period, the transition towards greater reliance on 'ss' was well underway. The established rules for hyphenation and word compounding are laid out with prescriptive authority, reflecting the formal standards upheld by educational and governmental bodies of the Weimar Republic era. Part II: Morphology: Inflectional Systems The core of the grammar resides in its comprehensive treatment of inflection. The volume meticulously charts the declension of nouns, adjectives, and pronouns, providing exhaustive paradigm tables that delineate all four cases (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative) across the three genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter) and singular/plural forms. Nouns and Gender: A significant portion addresses the notoriously irregular assignment of grammatical gender. The author delves into the common gender-determining suffixes (e.g., -ung, -heit, -chen, -lein) while acknowledging the many exceptions that necessitate rote memorization. The formation of the plural, often a source of difficulty for learners, is categorized by its distinct patterns (e.g., the addition of -e, -er, -n, or stem modification). Verbs and Conjugation: The verb system is explored with exceptional depth. The classification of verbs into strong (irregular) and weak (regular) types forms the backbone of this section. Detailed tables illustrate the full conjugation across all tenses and moods: Indicative, Subjunctive (I and II), and Imperative. Particular emphasis is placed on the correct formation and usage of the perfect and pluperfect tenses using haben or sein as auxiliaries, an area frequently misapplied. The nuances between the preterite and the perfect tense in spoken versus formal written German are also discussed, reflecting contemporary linguistic practice. Adjectives and Numerals: The complex rules governing adjective declension—the strong, weak, and mixed declensions based on the preceding determiner (definite, indefinite article, or no article)—are systematically broken down. The chapter on numerals distinguishes between cardinal and ordinal numbers, and details the grammatical agreement required when numbers function adjectivally. Part III: Syntax and Sentence Structure The syntactical analysis moves beyond simple declarative sentences to examine the hierarchical arrangement of clauses and phrases. This section is vital for understanding the characteristic structures of formal German prose. Word Order (Satzstellung): A foundational element is the rigid, yet flexible, rules governing German word order. The volume elaborates on the "Verb Second" (V2) rule for main clauses and the characteristic placement of the finite verb at the end of subordinate clauses introduced by conjunctions (dass, weil, ob) or relative pronouns. The positioning of separable verb prefixes is analyzed in detail, showing how they detach and migrate to the sentence terminus in simple past and present tenses. Case Government: The text thoroughly examines which prepositions govern which cases, and how certain verbs require specific oblique cases (e.g., verbs requiring the Dative object). The interaction between prepositional phrases and adverbial constructions is mapped out with precision. Subordinate Clauses: The function and structure of relative clauses, conditional clauses (using wenn or the conditional inversion), and concessive clauses are examined. The appropriate sequence of tenses within complex sentences, especially concerning indirect speech utilizing the Konjunktiv I, is given considerable weight, reflecting the formal standard of academic and journalistic writing prior to the widespread decline of Konjunktiv I in common speech. Legacy and Context This 1922 revised edition captures German grammar at a crucial historical juncture. While adhering strictly to the established structures codified through the late 19th century, it implicitly negotiates the linguistic shifts occurring in the post-war period. It serves as an invaluable primary source for understanding the rigorous, inflection-heavy standard language that characterized the German-speaking world immediately preceding the modernization efforts that would eventually lead to the spelling reforms of the late 1930s and beyond. The volume’s authoritative tone and exhaustive coverage make it an essential reference for linguists studying the evolution of Germanic syntax and morphology during the early 20th century. It embodies the scholarly commitment to precision characteristic of the era’s grammatical tradition.

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这本关于德语语法的书，对我来说，最大的意义在于它提供了一种“反向学习”的可能性。在普遍追求效率和简洁的今天，很少有教材愿意花大量篇幅去解释那些“为什么”。而这本书，恰恰是将“为什么”摆在了核心位置。它会告诉你，为什么某个词要用这个格，为什么句子要这样排列，而不是仅仅告诉你“记住这个规则”。这种探究式的方法，让我对德语的理解，从“会用”上升到了“懂”。当我能够从根源上理解一个语法现象时，我便能够更好地举一反三，应对各种未知的语言挑战。

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坦白说，我一开始是被这本书的“古老”所吸引，以为它只是一个历史文献。但深入阅读后，我发现它在某些方面，其对德语核心机制的剖析，甚至比一些现代的“速成”教材还要到位。比如，它对于动词变位中的“不规则”情况，以及其背后的逻辑（即使有些逻辑在现代德语中已经不那么明显），都做了相当详尽的阐述。这让我理解了，即使是那些看似“例外”的规则，也并非无迹可循，背后总有历史和语言发展的痕迹。这本书就像一把精密的解剖刀，将德语这座复杂的建筑，一层层地拆解开来，让我得以窥见其精妙的构造。

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我最近终于把手头积压的那堆书扫荡得差不多了，总算能腾出时间来好好研究一下我尘封已久的《A Grammar of the German Language (rev. ed., 1922)》。拿到这本书的时候，我其实是有点犹豫的，毕竟这是一本近百年前的老书了，而且从封面和纸张泛黄的程度来看，它承载的历史感十足，我担心它是否还能跟得上现代德语学习的节奏。然而，事实证明我的担忧是多余的。这本书的编纂者，无论他/她是谁，都展现出了令人惊叹的洞察力和对德语结构的深刻理解。初读之下，我最先感受到的是其严谨的逻辑性和系统性。书中对每个语法点的解释都循序渐进，从最基本的词性变化到复杂的从句结构，都梳理得井井有条。我尤其欣赏它在解释名词的性、数、格变化时所采用的方法，不仅仅是罗列规则，更会结合实际例句，甚至会追溯一些词汇的演变，这使得理解不再是枯燥的记忆，而是一种对语言生命力的感知。

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这本书的另一个亮点，在于其对德语历史发展的考量。虽然我不是语言学家，但我能感觉到作者在撰写过程中，并非仅仅是将当时的德语规则“照搬”过来，而是融入了一些历史的维度。例如，在讨论一些词语的用法或者句子结构时，会偶尔提及一些过去时期的用法，或者解释某个语法现象是如何演变而来的。这种“有源头”的讲解，让我对德语的理解更加立体和深刻。我开始觉得，学习德语不仅仅是学习一套规则，更是走进了一段文化和历史的长河。这种视角，在许多当代教材中是很难找到的，也正是我认为这本书具有独特价值的原因。

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我在学习德语的过程中，常常会遇到一些“似是而非”的语法现象，就是说，它们看起来好像懂了，但又总觉得差了点什么，无法完全掌握其精髓。《A Grammar of the German Language (rev. ed., 1922)》在这方面，给了我很大的帮助。它能够精准地指出那些容易混淆的地方，并且从根本上解释它们的区别。比如，它在讲解不同过去时态（Präteritum, Perfekt, Plusquamperfekt）的使用语境时，就非常细致，甚至会分析它们在口语和书面语中的不同侧重。这种深入的分析，让我对德语的时态把握不再是模糊不清，而是有了更加清晰的认识。

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阅读《A Grammar of the German Language (rev. ed., 1922)》的过程，对我而言，更像是一次深度对话，而非简单的信息获取。我不是在被动地接收知识，而是在与作者的思想进行碰撞。这本书的语言风格，虽然严谨，但并不晦涩。它用一种非常清晰、但又不乏学术严谨性的方式，阐述着德语的奥秘。我常常在阅读过程中，会停下来思考，会回顾之前的内容，甚至会自己去尝试构建类似的句子。这种主动参与的学习模式，让我对德语的掌握，不再仅仅停留在表面，而是真正地融入了我的思维方式之中。

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我常常在深夜，手捧这本书，让昏黄的台灯光线洒在泛黄的书页上，感觉自己像是在与一位知识渊博的老友对话。这本书给我的感觉，与其说是一本“教科书”，不如说是一本“启示录”。它不会直接告诉你“应该怎么做”，而是通过层层剥茧的解释，让你自己去领悟“为什么是这样”。这种引导式的学习方式，对于那些习惯了被动接受知识的学习者来说，可能需要一些适应，但一旦你掌握了它的节奏，你会发现，这种学习方式带来的成就感是无与伦比的。它教会我如何去“思考”德语，而不是仅仅“记忆”德语，这一点，对于我未来的德语学习道路，意义非凡。

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我不得不承认，《A Grammar of the German Language (rev. ed., 1922)》在某些方面，确实需要读者付出更多的耐心和精力。它不像现在很多教材那样，充满了图表、插画，或者用时髦的例子来吸引眼球。这本书完全是纯粹的文字，严谨、扎实，有时甚至显得有些“古板”。但恰恰是这种“纯粹”，让它得以保持其核心的学术价值。它不追求取悦读者，只致力于将语言的本质呈现出来。对我而言，这种“不妥协”的态度，反倒让我对其产生了一种深深的敬意。它迫使我去思考，去质疑，去反复咀嚼每一个字句，这本身就是一种宝贵的学习体验。

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我不得不说，这本书在语法解释的深度上，远远超出了我的预期。许多现代德语教材为了追求“易懂”和“实用”，往往会简化一些复杂的语法概念，甚至回避一些细微的差别。但《A Grammar of the German Language (rev. ed., 1922)》却毫不畏惧地深入到这些“细节”中。比如，它对于介词后面格的用法，不仅仅是列出常见的搭配，而是详细分析了不同介词在不同语境下所传达的微妙含义，以及它与动词、名词之间的呼应关系。这让我意识到，德语的精准性体现在每一个细微之处，而这本书正是挖掘这些宝藏的绝佳工具。当我遇到一些在其他教材中模棱两可的语法点时，翻阅这本书总能找到令人信服的解释，这种“刨根问底”的精神，对于真正想要精通德语的学习者来说，简直是福音。

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我特别喜欢这本书在处理一些德语中比较棘手的“虚词”时的详尽程度。那些看似不起眼的小词，比如各种介词、连词、副词，往往是掌握德语精髓的关键。很多教材对此都一带而过，但这本书却为每一个虚词的用法，都提供了丰富的例证和细致的分析，甚至会探讨它们在不同搭配下的含义变化。这让我意识到，德语的魅力，恰恰就体现在这些“细枝末节”之中。通过这本书，我开始学会如何去“品味”这些虚词，而不是将它们视为简单的语法符号。

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Curme's German grammar (1922).

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Curme's German grammar (1922).

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Curme's German grammar (1922).

评分☆☆☆☆☆

Curme's German grammar (1922).

评分☆☆☆☆☆

Curme's German grammar (1922).