The Structure of Scientific Revolutions pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025
American historian and philosopher of science, a leading contributor to the change of focus in the philosophy and sociology of science in the 1960s. Thomas Samuel Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received a doctorate in theoretical physics from Harvard University in 1949. But he later shifted his interest to the history and philosophy of science, which he taught at Harvard, the University of California at Berkeley, Princeton University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
In 1962, Kuhn published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which depicted the development of the basic natural sciences in an innovative way. According to Kuhn, the sciences do not uniformly progress strictly by scientific method. Rather, there are two fundamentally different phases of scientific development in the sciences. In the first phase, scientists work within a paradigm (set of accepted beliefs). When the foundation of the paradigm weakens and new theories and scientific methods begin to replace it, the next phase of scientific discovery takes place. Kuhn believes that scientific progress—that is, progress from one paradigm to another—has no logical reasoning. Kuhn's theory has triggered widespread, controversial discussion across many scientific disciplines.
- 科学哲学
- 哲学
- 科学史
- science
- 历史
- 科学
- 英文版
- 科学人文
A good book may have the power to change the way we see the world, but a great book actually becomes part of our daily consciousness, pervading our thinking to the point that we take it for granted, and we forget how provocative and challenging its ideas once were—and still are. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is that kind of book. When it was first published in 1962, it was a landmark event in the history and philosophy of science. Fifty years later, it still has many lessons to teach.
With The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn challenged long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation but that the revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of “normal science,” as he called it. Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in our biotech age.
This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work in the history of science includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including paradigm and incommensurability, and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. Newly designed, with an expanded index, this edition will be eagerly welcomed by the next generation of readers seeking to understand the history of our perspectives on science.
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读后感
【这本书我也是粗略的看了一下，而且整理了一些豆瓣书评，将其汇总，利于初读者掌握，在此感谢前人对本书的看法与评论。后面的一些章节没有具体分开来讲，读者可参看其他书评。】 《科学革命的结构》读后感 第一章 绪论 在绪论中，作者已经把本文要表达的主...
评分常在自然科学、社会科学当中看到范式一词，那么范式究竟是什么意思呢？本文旨在探讨自然科学中范式的概念。 最早提出自然科学提出范式一词的人是科学哲学家托马斯·库恩（Thomas Kunn) 提出并在《科学革命的结构》(The Structure of Scientific Revolutions)（１９６２）中系...
评分前言：我作为一个业余逼格提升爱好者，杂七杂八地读了一些科学哲学文章，并粗略地通读了托马斯•库恩的里程碑式著作《科学革命的结构》。恰逢所里也有人对此也有兴趣，姑且写点自己对这本书的理解，权当抛砖引玉。文中难免有偏颇疏漏之处，大家见谅。 托马斯•库恩所著...
评分一、关于范式 每个科学共同体都有着自己的一组承诺，以及自己的如何从事研究的模型。除了令人瞩目之外，科学成就还必须： 1、“空前地吸引一批坚定的用户者”，使他们脱离科学活动的其他竞争模式； 2、它们必须是开放性的，具有许多的问题，以留待“重新组成的一批实践者去解决...
用户评价
Kuhn presents his "paradigm shift" with a paradigm grounding rules while opening ends; and a shift realised when an anomaly parts the prior commitment and constructs a new foundation. Interestingly noticed that Kuhn reckons "Gestalt switch" as the one terminates the anomaly, which we don't know yet why it occur.
评分观点值得学习，但是这文字读着实在让人难受
评分Kuhn presents his "paradigm shift" with a paradigm grounding rules while opening ends; and a shift realised when an anomaly parts the prior commitment and constructs a new foundation. Interestingly noticed that Kuhn reckons "Gestalt switch" as the one terminates the anomaly, which we don't know yet why it occur.
评分课程指定读物。个人觉得很好，好读易懂条理清晰。
评分经典。范式与范式间的不可通约性，决定了学科自身知识体系的积累与成型，最后走至僵化而限制了学科的发展，这也解释了为什么好的研究大多都出自本学科之外，范式更迭并不意味着进步，也没有明确目标，像进化一样是物竞天择的过程。科学变革如社会变革一样不可能在体制框架内部完成，也不是积累的而是突变的，作者反对波普尔的“科学是拥有可证伪性”，认为任何范式都不可能在所有条件下成立，而评价范式的标准不是看它在绝对意义上多大程度接近真实（这并非科学目标）而是在相对意义上若干竞争的范式里择取最能吻合真实并解决问题的范式。是verification-falsification双重过程。不是范式决定视角，而是已有经验与视角形塑范式，进而形塑问题本身和得出的结论。不同范式引出的问题是不同的，对同一概念的使用其实内涵外延不同
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