The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 在线电子书 图书标签: 科学哲学 哲学 科学史 science 历史 科学 英文版 科学人文
发表于2024-11-05
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 在线电子书 pdf 下载 txt下载 epub 下载 mobi 下载 2024
这次读Kuhn明白了一件事:为什么给可爱的本科生小朋友们讲postcolonial theory讲了一学期他们还是在用modernization theory写essay——在不同的范式之间做出选择,这关乎信仰!
评分这次读Kuhn明白了一件事:为什么给可爱的本科生小朋友们讲postcolonial theory讲了一学期他们还是在用modernization theory写essay——在不同的范式之间做出选择,这关乎信仰!
评分主意看起来很简单但是其实还是挺复杂的,一不小心就会(像我的教授一样)把Kuhn误读。The main purpose of this book is to dispense science from naive rules and methods, the messianic Truth, and transcendental Nature, but not to argue that science does not progress and scientists in different communities cannot possibly communicate with each other. Weakened geniuses' role.
评分so good
评分Kuhn presents his "paradigm shift" with a paradigm grounding rules while opening ends; and a shift realised when an anomaly parts the prior commitment and constructs a new foundation. Interestingly noticed that Kuhn reckons "Gestalt switch" as the one terminates the anomaly, which we don't know yet why it occur.
American historian and philosopher of science, a leading contributor to the change of focus in the philosophy and sociology of science in the 1960s. Thomas Samuel Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received a doctorate in theoretical physics from Harvard University in 1949. But he later shifted his interest to the history and philosophy of science, which he taught at Harvard, the University of California at Berkeley, Princeton University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
In 1962, Kuhn published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which depicted the development of the basic natural sciences in an innovative way. According to Kuhn, the sciences do not uniformly progress strictly by scientific method. Rather, there are two fundamentally different phases of scientific development in the sciences. In the first phase, scientists work within a paradigm (set of accepted beliefs). When the foundation of the paradigm weakens and new theories and scientific methods begin to replace it, the next phase of scientific discovery takes place. Kuhn believes that scientific progress—that is, progress from one paradigm to another—has no logical reasoning. Kuhn's theory has triggered widespread, controversial discussion across many scientific disciplines.
A good book may have the power to change the way we see the world, but a great book actually becomes part of our daily consciousness, pervading our thinking to the point that we take it for granted, and we forget how provocative and challenging its ideas once were—and still are. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is that kind of book. When it was first published in 1962, it was a landmark event in the history and philosophy of science. Fifty years later, it still has many lessons to teach.
With The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn challenged long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation but that the revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of “normal science,” as he called it. Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in our biotech age.
This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work in the history of science includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including paradigm and incommensurability, and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. Newly designed, with an expanded index, this edition will be eagerly welcomed by the next generation of readers seeking to understand the history of our perspectives on science.
一、科学的阶段: 库恩将整个科学的发展分为两个大的阶段:前范式阶段和范式阶段,范式即执导一切研究的大家公共的“承诺”和“共识”。前范式阶段被库恩称之为流派纷争的阶段,大家都没有统一的范式,对于如何研究往往具有不同的看法。而在范式阶段,大家则拥有共同的“...
评分常在自然科学、社会科学当中看到范式一词,那么范式究竟是什么意思呢?本文旨在探讨自然科学中范式的概念。 最早提出自然科学提出范式一词的人是科学哲学家托马斯·库恩(Thomas Kunn) 提出并在《科学革命的结构》(The Structure of Scientific Revolutions)(1962)中系...
评分[美]托马斯•库恩《科学革命的结构》(北京大学科技哲学丛书),金吾伦、胡新和译,北京大学出版社,200页,2003年1月,定价:14元。 托马斯•库恩的《科学革命的结构》(The Structure of Scientific Revolutions)[1](以下简称《结构》)算得上是二十世纪学术...
评分庫恩在該書中提出了一個重要的中心觀念,即所謂“典範”(paradigm)。Paradigm的觀念是庫恩從維特根斯坦的wittgenstein那裡借來的。 根據庫恩的理論,一切科學革命都必然要基本上牽涉到所謂“典範”的改變。簡單的說,“典範”可以有廣義狹義二義: 廣義指一門科學研究中的全...
评分我对于学术真正的理解,是在我读博士期间读了该书以后。虽然我并不完全接受库恩的观点,但该书使我厘清了许多迷惑,少走了许多弯路.在国内的学术环境下,许多导师本身没有受过很好的西方的学术训练,在此情况下,读一读该书会有一些意想不到的收获。
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 在线电子书 pdf 下载 txt下载 epub 下载 mobi 下载 2024