The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 在线电子书 图书标签: 科学哲学 哲学 科学史 science 历史 科学 英文版 科学人文
发表于2024-05-18
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 在线电子书 pdf 下载 txt下载 epub 下载 mobi 下载 2024
理解范式
评分这次读Kuhn明白了一件事:为什么给可爱的本科生小朋友们讲postcolonial theory讲了一学期他们还是在用modernization theory写essay——在不同的范式之间做出选择,这关乎信仰!
评分Pretty much ruined my interest to philosophy as a layman.
评分经典。范式与范式间的不可通约性,决定了学科自身知识体系的积累与成型,最后走至僵化而限制了学科的发展,这也解释了为什么好的研究大多都出自本学科之外,范式更迭并不意味着进步,也没有明确目标,像进化一样是物竞天择的过程。科学变革如社会变革一样不可能在体制框架内部完成,也不是积累的而是突变的,作者反对波普尔的“科学是拥有可证伪性”,认为任何范式都不可能在所有条件下成立,而评价范式的标准不是看它在绝对意义上多大程度接近真实(这并非科学目标)而是在相对意义上若干竞争的范式里择取最能吻合真实并解决问题的范式。是verification-falsification双重过程。不是范式决定视角,而是已有经验与视角形塑范式,进而形塑问题本身和得出的结论。不同范式引出的问题是不同的,对同一概念的使用其实内涵外延不同
评分本书叙事宏大,干货很少,适合搞科学且不大读哲学的人,反之不适合
American historian and philosopher of science, a leading contributor to the change of focus in the philosophy and sociology of science in the 1960s. Thomas Samuel Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received a doctorate in theoretical physics from Harvard University in 1949. But he later shifted his interest to the history and philosophy of science, which he taught at Harvard, the University of California at Berkeley, Princeton University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
In 1962, Kuhn published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which depicted the development of the basic natural sciences in an innovative way. According to Kuhn, the sciences do not uniformly progress strictly by scientific method. Rather, there are two fundamentally different phases of scientific development in the sciences. In the first phase, scientists work within a paradigm (set of accepted beliefs). When the foundation of the paradigm weakens and new theories and scientific methods begin to replace it, the next phase of scientific discovery takes place. Kuhn believes that scientific progress—that is, progress from one paradigm to another—has no logical reasoning. Kuhn's theory has triggered widespread, controversial discussion across many scientific disciplines.
A good book may have the power to change the way we see the world, but a great book actually becomes part of our daily consciousness, pervading our thinking to the point that we take it for granted, and we forget how provocative and challenging its ideas once were—and still are. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is that kind of book. When it was first published in 1962, it was a landmark event in the history and philosophy of science. Fifty years later, it still has many lessons to teach.
With The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn challenged long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation but that the revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of “normal science,” as he called it. Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in our biotech age.
This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work in the history of science includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including paradigm and incommensurability, and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. Newly designed, with an expanded index, this edition will be eagerly welcomed by the next generation of readers seeking to understand the history of our perspectives on science.
前言:我作为一个业余逼格提升爱好者,杂七杂八地读了一些科学哲学文章,并粗略地通读了托马斯•库恩的里程碑式著作《科学革命的结构》。恰逢所里也有人对此也有兴趣,姑且写点自己对这本书的理解,权当抛砖引玉。文中难免有偏颇疏漏之处,大家见谅。 托马斯•库恩所著...
评分《自然辨证法》 恩格斯 著 中共中央马、恩、列、斯著作编译局译 1971年8月1版 1971年9月1印 《科学革命的结构》 [美国] 托马斯•库恩 著 金吾伦 胡新和 译 北京大学出版社 2003年1月1版 2006年10月5印 以下引文中A表示前书,B表示后书 把这两本书放在一起比较,两位作...
评分好的方面先不说了,个人有以下四点拙见: 1. 作者在论述中有自己的态度:相对赞成科技革命,而反对保守旧式。因而在对其论述中有明显的倾向性,这点在标题里没有体现出来。标题起得大而泛。 2. 想阐述的观点没有一个明晰的纲要,比如谜、反常、危机三点之间的性质,明明是有关...
评分如果要举出一位最有影响力的科学哲学家,非库恩莫属。单凭「范式」这一概念在各种理论之间随处可见、遍地开花,便足以见得其大红大紫,怕是再无他人能比。的确,「范式」的提出富有创见,在科学哲学与科学史上都具有里程碑的意义,却不免有诸般疏漏;然而库恩后来几次修正,也...
评分庫恩在該書中提出了一個重要的中心觀念,即所謂“典範”(paradigm)。Paradigm的觀念是庫恩從維特根斯坦的wittgenstein那裡借來的。 根據庫恩的理論,一切科學革命都必然要基本上牽涉到所謂“典範”的改變。簡單的說,“典範”可以有廣義狹義二義: 廣義指一門科學研究中的全...
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 在线电子书 pdf 下载 txt下载 epub 下载 mobi 下载 2024