The Structure of Scientific Revolutions pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025
American historian and philosopher of science, a leading contributor to the change of focus in the philosophy and sociology of science in the 1960s. Thomas Samuel Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received a doctorate in theoretical physics from Harvard University in 1949. But he later shifted his interest to the history and philosophy of science, which he taught at Harvard, the University of California at Berkeley, Princeton University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
In 1962, Kuhn published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which depicted the development of the basic natural sciences in an innovative way. According to Kuhn, the sciences do not uniformly progress strictly by scientific method. Rather, there are two fundamentally different phases of scientific development in the sciences. In the first phase, scientists work within a paradigm (set of accepted beliefs). When the foundation of the paradigm weakens and new theories and scientific methods begin to replace it, the next phase of scientific discovery takes place. Kuhn believes that scientific progress—that is, progress from one paradigm to another—has no logical reasoning. Kuhn's theory has triggered widespread, controversial discussion across many scientific disciplines.
- 科学哲学
- 哲学
- 科学史
- science
- 历史
- 科学
- 英文版
- 科学人文
A good book may have the power to change the way we see the world, but a great book actually becomes part of our daily consciousness, pervading our thinking to the point that we take it for granted, and we forget how provocative and challenging its ideas once were—and still are. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is that kind of book. When it was first published in 1962, it was a landmark event in the history and philosophy of science. Fifty years later, it still has many lessons to teach.
With The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn challenged long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation but that the revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of “normal science,” as he called it. Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in our biotech age.
This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work in the history of science includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including paradigm and incommensurability, and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. Newly designed, with an expanded index, this edition will be eagerly welcomed by the next generation of readers seeking to understand the history of our perspectives on science.
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读后感
如果要举出一位最有影响力的科学哲学家，非库恩莫属。单凭「范式」这一概念在各种理论之间随处可见、遍地开花，便足以见得其大红大紫，怕是再无他人能比。的确，「范式」的提出富有创见，在科学哲学与科学史上都具有里程碑的意义，却不免有诸般疏漏；然而库恩后来几次修正，也...
评分一、关于范式 每个科学共同体都有着自己的一组承诺，以及自己的如何从事研究的模型。除了令人瞩目之外，科学成就还必须： 1、“空前地吸引一批坚定的用户者”，使他们脱离科学活动的其他竞争模式； 2、它们必须是开放性的，具有许多的问题，以留待“重新组成的一批实践者去解决...
评分我对于学术真正的理解，是在我读博士期间读了该书以后。虽然我并不完全接受库恩的观点，但该书使我厘清了许多迷惑，少走了许多弯路.在国内的学术环境下，许多导师本身没有受过很好的西方的学术训练，在此情况下，读一读该书会有一些意想不到的收获。
评分我对于学术真正的理解，是在我读博士期间读了该书以后。虽然我并不完全接受库恩的观点，但该书使我厘清了许多迷惑，少走了许多弯路.在国内的学术环境下，许多导师本身没有受过很好的西方的学术训练，在此情况下，读一读该书会有一些意想不到的收获。
评分原文发表于《世界哲学》2004年第3期。 刘钢 译 1．引言 《科学革命的结构》（以下简称《结构》）一书出版后，库恩因其明显的相对主义的观点受到了批判。在辩护的过程中，库恩把自己说成是哲学家中的历史学家，所持的是历史学家关于科学进步的观点。在《结构》第二版的后记中，...
用户评价
Pretty much ruined my interest to philosophy as a layman.
评分开始的步步坚定到最后一章全面围攻，关于科学神秘客观又直线进步的神秘面纱被整个扯下，只留着一个“不知道目标的进化过程”稍可安慰。不可通约性需要小心界定，以及要读读polanyi看看两个人说的有多像了。
评分这次读Kuhn明白了一件事：为什么给可爱的本科生小朋友们讲postcolonial theory讲了一学期他们还是在用modernization theory写essay——在不同的范式之间做出选择，这关乎信仰！
评分主意看起来很简单但是其实还是挺复杂的，一不小心就会（像我的教授一样）把Kuhn误读。The main purpose of this book is to dispense science from naive rules and methods, the messianic Truth, and transcendental Nature, but not to argue that science does not progress and scientists in different communities cannot possibly communicate with each other. Weakened geniuses' role.
评分A rough but powerful scientific philosophy, it pulls sciences down from the superior altar, indicating sciences is delicate but still volatile outcome of human perception and mind structure/ Paradigm do matters
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