Preface xi
         part one
         Introduction to Organizations
         chapter one
         Organizations and Organization
         Theory
         A Look Inside International Business Machines
         Corporation
         Organization Theory in Action
         Topics 6
         Current Challenges
         Book Mark l.O: Sacred Cows Make the Best
         Burgers: Paradigm-Busting Strategies for
         Developing Change-Ready People and
         Organizations
         Purpose ofThis Chapter
         What Is an Organization?
         Definition
         Importance of Organizations
         Organizations as Systems
         Open Systems
         Chaos Theory
         Organizational Subsystems
         Dimensions of Organization Design
         Structural Dimensions
         Contextual Dimensions
         In Practice l.l: W.L. Gore & Associates
         What Is Organization Theory?
         History
         The Postmodern Organization Paradigm
         Contingency
         The New Paradigm Chrysler's New Castle
         Plant
         Multiple Perspectives of Organization Theory
         Rational-Contingency Perspective
         Radical-Marxism Perspective
         Transaction-Cost Economics Perspective
         What Organization Theory Can Do
         InPractice 2.2: Xerox
         Framework for the Book
         Levels of Analysis
         Plan of the Book
         Plan of Each Chapter
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter One Workbook Measuring Dimensions
         of Organizations
         Case for Analysis' S-S Technologies Inc. (A)-
         Introduction
         Case for Analysis: S-S Technologies Inc. (D)--
         Organizational Design
         part two
         The Open System
         chapter two
         Strategic Management and
         Organizational Effectiveness
         A Look Inside Marmot Mountain
         Top Management Strategic Direction
         Organizational Goals
         Mission
         Operative Goals
         Purposes of Goals
         Book Mark 2.0: What America Does Right:
         Learning from Companies That Put People
         First
         Summary
         Organizational Strategies
         Porter's Competitive Strategies
         In Practice 2.1: DeltaAirlines
         Strategies for Organizational Excellence
         The New Paradigm: Springfield
         Remanufacturing Corporation
         Organizational Effectiveness
         Traditional Effectiveness Approaches
         Goal Approach
         In Practice 2.2: Granite Rock Company 6.1
         System Resource Approach
         Internal Process Approach
         Contemporary Effectiveness Approaches
         Stakeholder Approach
         In Practice 2.3: SafewayInc. 5
         Competing Values Approach
         In Practice 2.4: Ford Motor Company
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter Two Workbook: Identifying Company
         Goals and Strategies
         Case for Analysis: The University Art
         bMuseum
         Case for Analysis: Quality Circle
         Consequence
         Chapter Two Workshop: Competing Values and
         Organizational Effectiveness
         chapter three
         The External Environment
         A Look Inside AT&T
         The Environmental Domain
         Task Environment
         General Environment
         International Context
         In Practice 3.1: General Electric
         Environmental Uncertainty
         Simple-Complex Dimension
         Stable-Unstable Dimension
         Framework
         Adapting to Environmental Uncertainty
         Positions and Departments
         Book Mark 3.0: Hypercompetition: Managing
         the Dynamics of Strategic Maneuvering
         Buffering and Boundary Spanning
         In Practice 3.2: Characters, Inc.
         Differentiation and Integration
         Organic Versus Mechanistic Management
         Processes
         The New Paradigm Arizona Public Service
         Company
         Institutional Imitation
         Planning and Forecasting
         Framework for Organizational Responses to
         Uncertainty
         Resource Dependence
         Controlling Environmental Resources
         Establishing Interorganizational Linkages
         In Practice 3.3: Toshiba
         Controlling the Environmental Domain
         Organization-Environment Integrative Framework
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter Three Workbook Organizations You
         Rely On
         CaseforAnalysis: The Paradoxical Twins: Acme
         and Omega Electronics
         Chapter Three Workshop: The External
         Environment
         part three
         Organization Structure and
         Design
         chapter four
         Manufacturing, Service and
         Advanced Information
         Technologies
         A Look Inside French Rags
         Organization-Level Technology
         Manufacturing Firms
         Book Mark 4.0: Lean Thinking: Banish Waste
         and Create Wealth in Your Corporation
         In Practice 4.1: Northeast Utilities and Boston
         Edison Company
         Computer-IntegratedManufacturing
         Service Firms
         The New Paradigm: Progressive Corp
         vDepartmental Technology
         Variety
         Analyzability
         Framework
         Department Design
         In Practice 4.2: "M*A*S*H" versus "E.R'
         Workflow Interdependence Among
         Departments
         Types
         Structural Priority
         Structural Implications
         In Practice 4.3: Athletic Teams
         Advanced Information Technology
         Management Implications
         Organization Design
         In Practice 4.4: Taco Bell
         Workplace Culture
         impact of Technology on Job Design
         Job Design
         Sociotechnical Systems
         Summary and Interpretauon
         Chapter Four Workbook Bistro Technology
         Case for Analysis' Acetate Department
         chapterfive
         Organization Size, Life Cycle and
         Dedine
         A Look Inside Matsushita Electric
         Organization Size: Is Bigger Better?
         Pressures for Growth
         Large Versus Small
         Organization Size and Bureaucracy
         What Is Bureaucracy?
         The New Paradigm: Carrier Corporation
         Bases ofAuthority
         Size and Structural Characteristics
         Formalization
         Decentralization
         Complexity
         In Practice 5.2; United Parcel Service
         Personnel Ratios
         Bureaucracy in a Changing World
         Organizational Life Cycle
         Stages of Life Cycle Development
         Book Mark 5.0: The Self-Defeating
         Organization: How Smart Companies Can Stop
         Outsmarting Themselves
         In Practice 5.2' Mothers Against Drunk
         Driving
         Organizational Characteristics During the Life
         Cycle
         Organizational Decline and Downsizing
         Definition and Causes
         A Model of Decline Stages
         In Practice 5.3: Mudge, Rose, Guthrie
         Alexander & Ferdon
         Downsizing Implementation
         Summary and Interpretation
         ChapterFive Workbook Life Cycle of
         Organizations
         CaseforAnalysis: Mason & Lynch (A)
         Case for Analysis: Mason & Lynch (B)
         ChapterFive Workshop: WlNDSOCK, INC
         chapter six
         Pundamentals of Organization
         Structure
         A Look Inside Zeneca Agricultural Products 201
         Structure and Strategy
         Information-Processing Perspective on
         Structure
         Vertical Information Linkages
         Horizontal Information Linkages
         In Practice 6.1: General Mills
         In Practice 6.2 Hewlett-Packard Terminals
         Division
         Organization Design Alternatives
         Define Work Activities
         Reporting Relationships
         Departmental Grouping Options
         Functional, Divisional, and Geographical
         Designs
         Functional Structure
         In Practice 6.3: Blue Bell Creameries, Inc.
         Functional Structure with Horizontal Linkages
         In Practice 6.4: Karolinska Hospital
         Divisional Structure
         Geographical Structure
         Hybrid Structure
         Characteristics
         In Practice 6.5: Sun Petroleum Products
         Company
         Strengths and Weaknesses
         Matrix Structure
         Conditions for the Matrix
         y Matrix Roles
         engths and Weaknesses
         In Practice 6.6: Pittsburgh Steel Company
         Symptoms of Structural Deficiency
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter Six Workbook: You and Organization
         Structure
         Case for Analysis: C & C Grocery Stores, Inc
         Case for Analysis Aquarius Advertising
         Agency
         chapter seven
         Contemporary Designs for Global
         Competition
         A Look Inside Ryder Systems, Inc
         Global Forces at Work
         The New Paradigm: Ciba-Geigy Canada, Ltd
         249
         New Designs for Domestic Advantage
         The Horizontal Corporation
         In Practice 7.1; MacMillan Bloedel
         Reengineering
         Book Mark 7.0: Jumping the Curve: Innovation
         and Strategic Choice in an Age of Transition
         255
         Dynamic Network Design
         In Practice 7.2: TopsyTail, Inc.
         Organizational Designs for Global Advantage
         258
         Stages of International Development
         International Strategic Alliances
         Global Work Teams
         International Strategy and Organization Design
         Fit
         Model for Global Versus Local Opportunities
         International Division
         Structural Designs for Global Operations
         Global Product Division Structure
         Global Geographic Division Structure
         In Practice 7.3: Dow Chemical
         Global Matrix Structure
         In Practice 7.4: Asea Brown Boveri (ABB)
         266
         Transnational Model
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter Seven Workbook: Team Principles
         CaseforAnalysis: The London Free Press (Bl)-
         Strategic Change
         CaseforAnalysis: The London Free Press (B2)-
         Strategic Change
         Casefor Analysis: Saint-Gobain-Pont-a-
         Mousson
         ChapterSeven Workshop: The Poster Company
         part four
         Organization Design
         Process
         chapter eight
         Innovation and Change
         A Look Inside 3M
         Innovate or Perish:The Strategic Role of
         Change
         Incremental Versus Radical Change
         StrategicTypes of Change
         Elements for Successful Change
         In Practice 8.1 Rolls-Royce Motor Company
         Technology Change
         The Ambidextrous Approach
         Techniques for EncouragingTechnology Change
         In Practice 8.2: Hewlett-Packard
         New Products and Services
         New Product Success Rate
         Reasons for New Product Success
         Horizontal Linkage Model
         In Practice 8.3: IBM PC Company
         Achieving Competitive Advantage with Product
         Innovation
         Strategy and Structure Change
         The Dual-Core Approach
         In Practice 8.4: Autodesk, Inc.
         People and Culture Change
         Reengineering and Horizontal Organization
         Total Quality Management
         Organizational Development
         OD Culture Change Interventions
         The New Paradigm: U.S. Agriculture
         Department's Animal and Plant Health
         Inspection Service
         Strategies for Implementing Change
         Leadership for Change
         Barriers to Change
         Book Mark 8.0: Real Change Leaders: HowYou
         Can Create Growth and High Performance at
         Your Company
         Techniques for Implementation
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter Eight Workbook: Innovation Climate
         316
         Case forAnalysis. The Bay Kitchener
         chapter nine
         Information Technology and
         Organizational Control
         A Look Inside KPMG Peat Marwick
         Information Requirements
         Information Amount and Richness
         Information Technology and the Organization
         New Organization Structures and Infonnation
         Technology
         In Practice 9.1: Nu-Skin International
         Infonnation Technology Evolution
         A Model for Designing Information Support
         Systems
         The New Paradigm: Information on Demand-
         The Intranet
         In Practice 9.2' Ingersoll Milling Machine Co
         Strategic Advantage of Information Technology
         Low-Cost Leadership
         Differentiation
         In Practice 9.3' Schneider National
         Strategic Control
         Major Control Approaches
         Market Control
         In Practice 9.4: Imperial Oil Limited
         Bureaucratic Control
         In Practice 9.5: Cypress Semiconductor
         Corporation
         Clan Control
         In Practice 9.6: Metallic, Inc.
         Contingency Control Model
         Supervisory Control Strategies
         Balancing Empowerment and Control
         Book Mark 9.0: Levers of Control: How
         Managers Use Innovative Control Systems to
         Drive Strategic Renewal
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter Nine Workbook Control Mechanisms
         360
         Case for Analysis Sunflower Incorporated
         chapter ten
         Organizational Culture and Ethical
         Values
         A Look Inside Southwest Airlines
         Organizational Culture
         What Is Culture?
         Emergence and Purpose of Culture
         Interpreting Culture
         Culture Strength and Adaptation
         Book Mark lO.O: Built to Last: Successful Habits
         of Visionary Companies
         In Practice lO.l: Rhone-Poulenc, Inc
         Creating the Culture
         Strategy and Culture
         The Adaptability/Entrepreneurial Culture
         The Mission Culture
         The Clan Culture
         The Bureaucratic Culture
         Ethical Values in Organizations
         Sources of Ethical Values in Organizations
         Personal Ethics
         Organizational Culture
         Organizational Systems
         External Stakeholders
         The New Paradigm: Starbucks Coffee
         How Leaders Shape Culture and Ethics
         Value Based Leadership
         In Practice 10.2: Herman Miller
         Formal Structure and Systems
         In Practice 10.3: Texas Instruments
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter Ten Workbook: Shop 'til You Drop:
         Corporate Culture in the Retail World
         CaseforAnalysis: Dinner for Four (A)
         Case for Analysis: Dinner for Four (B)
         Case for Analysis: Implementing Strategic
         Change
         Chapter Ten Workshop: The Power of
         Ethics
         part five
         Managing Dynamic Processes
         chapter eleven
         Dedsion-Making Processes
         A Look Inside Intel Corporation
         Definitions
         Individual Decision Making
         Rational Approach
         In Practice ll.l: Alberta Manufacturing
         Bounded Rationality Perspective
         Book Mark ll.O: The Dynamic
         Decisionmaker
         In Practice 22.2; Paramount Pictures
         Corporation
         Organizational Decision Making
         Management Science Approach
         In Practice 22.3; Urgences Sante
         Carnegie Model
         In Practice 22.4; Greyhound Lines, Inc
         Incremental Decision Process Model
         In Practice 22.5; Gillette Company
         Integrating the Incremental Process and Carnegie
         Models
         Garbage Can Model
         In Practice 22.6; Casablanca
         Contingency Decision-Making Framework
         424
         Goal Consensus
         Technical Knowledge
         Contingency Framework
         Special Decision Circumstances
         High-Velocity Environments
         Decision Mistakes and Learning
         Escalating Commitment
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter Eleven Workbook Decision
         Styles
         Case for Analysis: Equal Employment
         Reaction
         Case for Analysls: The Dilemma ofAliesha State
         College: Competence Versus Need
         chapter twelve
         Power and Politics
         A Look Inside United States Information
         Agency
         Individual Versus Organizational Power
         Power Versus Authority
         Vertical Power
         Power Sources for Top Management
         In Practice 22.2; Time Warner
         Power Sources for Middle Managers
         Power Sources for Lower-Level Participants
         The Trend Toward Empowerment
         Reasons for Empowerment
         In Practice 72.2; Chrysler Corporation
         Elements of Empowerment
         The New Paradigm: Reflexite Corporation
         Empowerment Applications
         The Empowerment Process
         Horizontal Power
         Book Mark 12.0; The Age of Participation:
         New Governance for the Workplace and the
         World
         Strategic Contingencies
         Power Sources
         In Practice 22.3; University of lllinois
         In Practice 22.4; Crystal Manufacturing
         Political Processes in Organizations
         Definition
         Rational Choice Versus Political Behavior
         In Practice 22.5; Britt Technologies, Inc
         Domains of Political Activity
         Process Framework
         Using Power and Political Influence
         Tactics for Increasing the Power Base
         Political Tactics for Using Power
         In Practice 12.6; Halifax Business
         Machines
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter Twelve Workbook: Power of Lower-
         Level Participants
         Case for Analysis: Dual Lines ofAuthority
         Case for Analysis- Pierre Dux
         chapter thirteen
         Interdepartmental Relations and
         Conflict
         A Look Inside Techno Projecl
         What Is Intergroup Conflict?
         Horizontal Conflict
         Vertical Conflict
         The Nature of Intergroup Conflict
         In Practice 13.1: PATCO
         Types of Changes
         Model of Intergroup Conflict
         Interdepartmental Conflict
         Contextual and Organizational Factors
         tn Practice 73.2: Lantech
         Attributes of Interdepartmental Relationships
         The New Paradigm GE Plastics/Borg-Warner
         In Practice 13.3: The Triad Project
         The Cooperative Model of Organization
         Book Mark 13.0: The We-Force in Management:
         How to Build and Sustain Cooperation
         In Practice 13.4: Fastbuck, Incorporated
         Benefits from Cooperation
         In Practice 13.5: General Electric
         Losses from Conflict
         Techniques for Managing Conflict Among
         Groups
         In Practice 13.6: Canadian-Atlantic
         Vertical Conflict
         Sources of Worker-Management Conflict
         505
         Resolution ofWorker-Management Conflict
         507
         Collective Bargaining
         Cooperative Approaches
         In Practice 13.7: SSl Services, Inc
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter Thirteen Workbook: How Do You
         Handle Conflict?
         Case for Analysis: Cherie Cosmetics Limited
         Elegante Divi? on
         part six
         Strategy and Structure for the
         Future
         chapter fourteen
         Interorganizational Relationships
         A Look Inside Chrysler Corporation
         Organizational Ecosystems
         Is Competition Dead?
         The Changing Role of Management
         Book Mark 14.0: The Boundaryless
         Organization: Breaking the Chains of
         Organizational Structure
         Interorganizational Framework
         Resource Dependence
         Resource Strategies
         Power Strategies
         Collaborative Networks
         International Origins
         In Practice 14.l: Mitsubishi
         From Adversaries to Partners
         In Practice 14.2 Empire Equipment Company
         The New Paradigm: Volkswagen
         Population Ecology
         Organizational Form and Niche
         Process of Change
         Strategies for Survival
         In Practice 14.3: Sun Microsystems, Inc
         Institutionalism
         Institutional Isomorphism
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter Fourteen Workbook Management
         Fads
         Case for Analysis. Hugh Russel Inc.
         Chapter Fourteen Workshop' Ugli Orange Case
         chapter fifteen
         Toward the Learning Organization
         ALook Inside Kalahari Bushmen
         Organizational Design Configurations
         Strategy Formulation and Implementation
         Organizational Form and Design
         The Effective Organization
         The Learning Organization
         Why Create Learning Capability?
         Mindful Leadership
         Empowered Employees
         Emergent Strategy
         Strong Culture
         Shared Information
         Horizontal Structure
         Book Mark 75.0; Open-Book Management:
         The Coming Business Revolution
         In Practice 15.1: Chaparral Steel
         Organizational Transformation and Leadership
         571
         Corporate Transformation
         In Practice 15.2: Navistar International
         Corporation
         Transformational Leadership
         In Practice 75.3: Corsair Communications
         Inc.
         The Impact ofTop-Management.Teams and
         Turnover
         Top-Management Teams
         Succession and Adaptation
         Succession and Performance
         Summary and Interpretation
         Chapter Fifteen Workbook: Creating a Learning
         Organization
         Case for Analysis: W. L. Gore & Associates,
         Inc.
         Integrative Cases
         l.O Victoria Heavy Equipment Limited 
         eton Manufacturing (A)
         eton Manufacturing (B)
         Corporation of lllinois
         r Enterprises
         nal Bank of San Francisco
         udubon Zoo, 1993
         ood Terminal (A)
         oodTerminal (B) 
         x
         Name Index
         Subject Index
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