本书的基本论点是,历史命运之说纯属迷信,科学的或任何别的合理方法都不可能预测人类历史的进程。本书这个论点可以追溯到1919-1920年冬天。它的基本大纲完成于1935年前后;1936年 1月或2月,它作为一篇题为《历史决定论的贫困》的论文在布鲁塞尔我的朋友阿尔弗雷德·勃朗塔尔家中举行的一次私人会议上第一次宣读过。在这次会议上,我以前的一位学生对那次讨论作出了重要的贡献。他叫卡尔·希尔弗丁,不久他就成为盖世太保和第三帝国历史决定论迷信的牺牲品。出席者还有其他一些哲学家。其后不久,我在伦敦经济学院F.A.冯·哈耶克教授的研讨会上宣读了一篇类似的论文。这篇论文的发表耽误了好些年,因为我投稿的那家哲学期刊拒绝接受我的稿子。第一次分三部分发表于《经济学》N·S.1944年第11卷,第42、43期,1945年第12卷,第46期,自从那时以来,意大利文译本(米兰,1954年)和法文译本(巴黎,1956年)相继以书籍形式问世。本版的正文已作了修改,并有若干补充。
卡尔·波普尔(1902-1994)是当代西方最著名的科学哲学家和社会哲学家之一。他继承德国爱因斯坦的批判精神和康德的唯理主义思想,形成“批判理性主义哲学”,建立同逻辑实证主义相对的科学知识观,提出反归纳主义和证伪主义的知识理论。主要著作:《开放社会及其敌人》(1945)、《历史决定论的贫困》(1957)、《科学发现的逻辑》(1959)、《猜想与反驳》(1963)、《客观知识》(1972)。
和哈耶克的《科学的反革命》一样,卡尔•波普尔的这本小册子《历史主义的贫困》的根本意图,在于其反共产主义、拥护自由主义的意识形态关切,从这个意义上讲,这两部作品遵循着相似的逻辑,即通过反对一种方法论来反对一种意识形态。这一点在《历史主义的贫困》扉页的献辞中...
评分当时读这本书是在图书馆读的,书很薄,读完的时候正是晚上十点左右。从四楼窗户望去,只有黑漆漆的大海和若隐若现的灯光。 这本是很寂静的夜晚,我的耳机里却放着慢摇。耳机里的迷离不断轰击着情绪,就像我听的歌单名所描述的那样,所感觉到的一切,就像氤氲中沉眠的致幻毒剂...
评分读完这本动摇价值观的书,刚好递交了入党的转正申请,感觉自己不是一般的精神分裂。 之前一直在是否皈依马克思主义犹豫不决,长期的社会主义教育告诉我们,要听党的话,我们顺顺从从背着马列教条,不敢丝毫大意;长大了一点,有了逆反心理,读了一点“反动”的书,知道了长期所...
评分《历史决定论的贫困》是波普尔的最著名的代表作之一,全书可视为一篇有严谨逻辑架构的批判性论文,批判的对象是以马克思和孔德为代表的历史决定论。 “历史决定论”是探讨社会科学的一种方法,这种方法认为社会科学的主要目的是通过发现隐藏在历史演变下的...
评分当时读这本书是在图书馆读的,书很薄,读完的时候正是晚上十点左右。从四楼窗户望去,只有黑漆漆的大海和若隐若现的灯光。 这本是很寂静的夜晚,我的耳机里却放着慢摇。耳机里的迷离不断轰击着情绪,就像我听的歌单名所描述的那样,所感觉到的一切,就像氤氲中沉眠的致幻毒剂...
我不得不说,《历史决定论的贫困》这本书,简直是一场智识的盛宴。作者的文字功底深厚,每一个句子都经过了精雕细琢,充满了哲学的思辨和历史的厚重感。他对于“决定论”这一概念的剖析,更是达到了出神入化的地步。他并没有简单地否定它,而是将其置于复杂的历史情境中进行考察,指出其理论的局限性以及在现实中的误用。我尤其喜欢作者在分析某个历史理论时,所展现出的那种审慎的态度,他总是会先承认其合理之处,然后再循序渐进地指出其不足。这种不偏不倚的态度,让我对作者的观点更加信服。他引用了大量的历史学家和哲学家们的观点,将他们的思想精炼地呈现出来,并且能够清晰地勾勒出不同学派之间的思想脉络。对于我这样一个对历史哲学感兴趣但又缺乏系统性知识的读者来说,这本书无疑是一本绝佳的入门读物,它不仅能够让我对历史决定论有深刻的理解,更能引导我进行更深层次的思考。
评分《历史决定论的贫困》这本书,我只能用“惊艳”二字来形容。作者的写作风格非常独特,他不像其他学者那样,用平铺直叙的方式来介绍观点,而是更像是在跟你进行一场深入的对话,语气时而激昂,时而恳切,时而又带着一丝玩味。他对于历史事件的解读,总是能跳出窠臼,找到那些被主流叙事所忽略的微妙之处。例如,他在分析某个重大历史转折点时,并没有过多地关注那些叱咤风云的帝王将相,而是将目光投向了那些默默无闻的普通民众,通过描绘他们的生活轨迹和细微选择,来揭示历史演变的深层动因。这种视角上的转变,让我对历史有了全新的认识,原来历史并非总是由少数精英书写,普通人的力量同样不容忽视。此外,作者在书中反复强调了“偶然性”在历史中的作用,他用许多生动的例子来论证,那些看似微不足道的偶然事件,有时却能引发连锁反应,彻底改变历史的进程。这让我深刻地体会到,历史并不是一条预设好的轨道,而是充满了未知与变数。
评分Reading "The Poverty of Historicism" has left my mind in a state of profound contemplation. This is not a book to be casually skimmed; it demands that you immerse yourself, embarking on a challenging yet immensely rewarding intellectual journey alongside the author. The author's erudition is nothing short of awe-inspiring. He effortlessly draws upon a vast array of historical sources and philosophical treatises, situating complex historical events within grand theoretical frameworks for examination. Yet, I never felt overwhelmed by the sheer volume of knowledge. Instead, I was consistently impressed by the author's meticulous organization and compelling argumentation. He possesses a remarkable talent for peeling back layers of complexity, beginning with a seemingly minor historical detail and gradually expanding to encompass universal theoretical discussions. He guides you, almost imperceptibly, towards contemplating fundamental questions concerning the trajectory of human civilization. His critique of the notion of "historical inevitability" is particularly noteworthy. His logical reasoning is so rigorous that it leaves no room for criticism. He employs a plethora of counterexamples and logical paradoxes, systematically dismantling what appear to be unassailable claims of "inevitability." Prior to this book, I often felt as though history were being propelled by some unseen force. However, this work has compelled me to question that very premise, leading me to realize that human choices and actions are equally instrumental in shaping historical outcomes. For me, this book has been a veritable intellectual baptism, challenging my preconceived notions and opening up new horizons of understanding.
评分I must confess, "The Poverty of Historicism" is an intellectual feast of the highest order. The author's command of language is profound, each sentence meticulously crafted, brimming with philosophical reflection and historical gravitas. His dissection of the concept of "determinism" reaches an almost sublime level. He doesn't merely dismiss it; instead, he situates it within complex historical contexts for examination, elucidating its theoretical limitations and its misapplications in practice. I particularly admire the cautious approach he adopts when analyzing specific historical theories. He consistently acknowledges their merits before meticulously pointing out their shortcomings. This balanced perspective renders his arguments even more persuasive. He draws upon the perspectives of a vast array of historians and philosophers, presenting their ideas with remarkable conciseness and clearly delineating the intellectual lineage connecting different schools of thought. For a reader like myself, fascinated by the philosophy of history but lacking systematic knowledge, this book serves as an exceptional primer. It not only provides a deep understanding of historical determinism but also guides me towards more profound levels of contemplation.
评分This book, "The Poverty of Historicism," can only be described as breathtaking. The author's narrative style is exceptionally unique. Rather than adopting a straightforward approach to presenting ideas, he engages the reader in what feels like an intimate dialogue, his tone shifting from passionate to earnest, and at times, tinged with a delightful playfulness. His interpretations of historical events consistently break free from conventional molds, identifying subtle nuances that are often overlooked in mainstream narratives. For instance, when analyzing a pivotal historical turning point, he dedicates less attention to the celebrated emperors and generals and instead shifts his focus to the lives of ordinary people. Through depicting their daily lives and minor choices, he reveals the deeper driving forces behind historical evolution. This shift in perspective offered me a completely new understanding of history, demonstrating that history is not solely written by a select few elites; the power of ordinary individuals is equally significant. Moreover, the author repeatedly emphasizes the role of "contingency" in history. He uses numerous vivid examples to illustrate how seemingly trivial chance occurrences can trigger chain reactions, irrevocably altering the course of events. This has profoundly impressed upon me that history is not a predetermined track, but rather a landscape brimming with the unknown and the unpredictable.
评分读罢《历史决定论的贫困》,我的脑海中久久无法平静。这不是一本能够轻松翻阅的书,它需要你沉下心来,与作者一同进行一场艰苦但却充满回报的思想漫游。作者在书中展现出的学识渊博是令人敬畏的,他信手拈来地引用了大量的史料和哲学著作,将复杂的历史事件置于宏大的理论框架之下进行审视。但我并没有感到被知识的洪流淹没,反而是被作者精妙的组织和论证所折服。他擅长层层剥笋,从一个微小的历史细节出发,逐渐延伸到普适性的理论探讨,让你在不知不觉中被他牵引着,去思考那些关乎人类文明走向的根本性问题。尤其是在批判“历史决定论”的章节,作者的论证逻辑严谨得令人挑不出毛病,他运用了大量的反例和逻辑悖论,将那些看似牢不可破的“必然性”一一击破。我之前对于历史的理解,总有一种被某种无形力量推着前进的感觉,但这本书让我开始质疑这种预设,让我意识到,人类的选择和行动,同样在塑造着历史的走向。这本书对于我来说,更像是一种思想的洗礼,它挑战了我过去的一些固有认知,也为我打开了新的视野。
评分这本《历史决定论的贫困》实在是一本令人拍案叫绝的书!我通常不怎么写书评,但这次真得是抑制不住内心的激动。首先,作者的叙事风格简直是神来之笔,行文流畅,却又不失深度。他并没有像很多历史著作那样,将历史事件一股脑地堆砌,而是巧妙地运用了许多生动形象的比喻和类比,将那些原本枯燥乏味的理论讲得活灵活现。我印象最深的是作者在描述一种历史发展必然性的观点时,竟然用到了“河流的奔涌”来比喻,那种不可阻挡、顺势而为的力量感,一下就抓住了我的 G点。而且,他对于不同学派观点的梳理也极其到位,不是简单的罗列,而是深入挖掘其思想根源,指出它们在逻辑上的联系与断裂。我之前对一些历史哲学理论总是觉得云里雾里,但读完这本书,我感觉自己仿佛醍醐灌顶,那些曾经困扰我的问题,作者都给出了清晰的解答,甚至还启发了我一些新的思考方向。他对于“决定论”这一概念的解构,更是让我耳目一新,原来我们对历史的看法,很多时候是被固有的思维模式所束缚,而这本书正是打破了这种束缚,让我们看到了历史更多的可能性。我反复阅读了书中的一些段落,每一次都能有新的体会,不得不说,这是一本值得反复品读的巨著。
评分《历史决定论的贫困》这本书,给我带来的冲击远远超出了我的预期。作者在书中展现出的独立思考能力和批判精神,令人肃然起敬。他并不随波逐流,而是敢于挑战那些被普遍接受的理论,并且用严谨的论证来支撑自己的观点。我尤其欣赏他在反驳“历史决定论”时所采取的策略,他并没有直接攻击,而是先承认其在一定历史条件下解释力的合理性,然后在此基础上,层层递进地指出其根本性的缺陷。他通过对大量历史案例的深入剖析,揭示了“决定论”在解释复杂历史现象时的无力感。他强调,历史的演变充满了偶然性,充满了人类选择的自由度,而这些要素恰恰是“决定论”所难以容纳的。这本书让我开始重新审视自己对于历史的看法,让我意识到,我们不能简单地将历史归结为某种单一的、不可抗拒的力量,而应该看到历史背后复杂的多重因素。
评分我 must say that "The Poverty of Historicism" is an absolute revelation. The author's prose is nothing short of masterful, weaving together intricate arguments with a grace and fluidity that is truly captivating. He doesn't simply present historical events as a laundry list of facts; instead, he employs vivid metaphors and analogies that bring even the most abstract theoretical concepts to life. I was particularly struck by his description of historical inevitability, which he likened to the "surging of a river"—a powerful and irresistible force that immediately resonated with me. Furthermore, his ability to dissect and present different schools of thought is exceptional. He doesn't just list them; he delves into their intellectual origins, highlighting their connections and divergences with remarkable clarity. I used to find many historical philosophy theories quite opaque, but after reading this book, I felt as though a veil had been lifted. The author provides clear answers to questions that previously perplexed me, and even sparks new avenues of thought. His deconstruction of the concept of "determinism" is particularly refreshing, revealing how our understanding of history is often constrained by ingrained cognitive biases. This book, in essence, liberates us from those constraints, showcasing the multitude of possibilities inherent in history. I've reread certain passages multiple times, each instance yielding fresh insights, a testament to this work's profound depth and enduring value.
评分拿到《历史决定论的贫困》这本书,我原以为会是一本枯燥乏味的理论著作,但读进去之后,我才发现自己大错特错。作者的写作风格极具感染力,他用一种非常接地气的方式,将那些抽象的历史哲学概念,转化为一个个鲜活的故事和引人入胜的论证。他并不回避复杂的概念,但却能用最简洁明了的语言去解释,让我这个非专业读者也能轻松理解。我特别欣赏作者对于“历史必然性”的批判,他用了一种非常巧妙的方式,揭示了这种论调背后可能存在的权力运作和意识形态操纵。他指出,很多时候,所谓的“历史必然性”,不过是某些人为了维护自身利益而构建出来的叙事。这种深刻的洞察,让我对很多历史事件的解读都有了新的角度。这本书让我意识到,历史并非是一部注定的剧本,而是由无数个体的选择和行动共同谱写。它让我对人类的能动性有了更深的认识,也让我对未来的可能性充满了期待。
评分导师让我读的。唉,波普大人。
评分看了一半看不下去了
评分短短一百页看的老娘要死了,要不是为了写书评我这辈子都不会看这!本!书!
评分2010.4.12 图书馆2372/103
评分很多书很难懂估计多少和翻译有关,尤其是从图书馆扒出来的骨灰级。写了8页读书报告,到现在也只沦到空有框架的地步。
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