James C. Scott is the Eugene Meyer Professor of Political Science and Anthropology at Yale University and current president of the Association of Asian Studies. He is the author of Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance, Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts, and The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia, all published by Yale University Press.
Compulsory ujamaa villages in Tanzania, collectivization in Russia, Le Corbusier's urban planning theory realized in Brasilia, the Great Leap Forward in China, agricultural "modernization" in the Tropics -- the twentieth century has been racked by grand utopian schemes that have inadvertently brought death and disruption to millions. Why do well-intentioned plans for improving the human condition go tragically awry? In this wide-ranging and original book, James C. Scott analyzes failed cases of large-scale authoritarian plans in a variety of fields. Centrally managed social plans misfire, Scott argues, when they impose schematic visions that do violence to complex interdependencies that are not -- and cannot -- be fully understood. Further, the success of designs for social organization depends upon the recognition that local, practical knowledge is as important as formal, epistemic knowledge. The author builds a persuasive case against "development theory" and imperialistic state planning that disregards the values, desires, and objections of its subjects. He identifies and discusses four conditions common to all planning disasters: administrative ordering of nature and society by the state; a "high-modernist ideology" that places confidence in the ability of science to improve every aspect of human life; a willingness to use authoritarian state power to effect large-scale interventions; and a prostrate civil society that cannot effectively resist such plans. "A broad-ranging, theoretically important, and empirically grounded treatment of the modern state and its propensity to simplify and make legible a society which by nature is complex and opaque. For anyone interested inlearning about this fundamental tension of modernity and about the destruction wrought in the twentieth century as a consequence of the dominant development ideology of the simplifying state, this is a must-read". -- Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, author of Hitler's Willing Executioners
过去的一个世纪,是生产力极大发展的一个世纪,然而,它又是血泪斑斑的一个世纪。 平心静气地盘点一下,我们就会发现,在这一百年中,人类拥有了惊人的能力,我们创造了比过去几千年加起来还要多的财富,然而,我们也制造了比过去几千年加起来还要多的悲剧。 铁是文明的源头...
评分国家的管理者出于控制的目的,总是希望把社会弄得像机器齿轮一样,冷冰冰的一环扣一环。在这种所谓统一有序、简单清晰的政治理念下,社会的多样性消失了,微观秩序生长的力量被抹杀惹尽。但这种“一刀切”的治理方式却往往事与愿违、弄巧成拙。从德国单一种植的科学林业...
评分先从从林业、赋税、土地制度、度量衡、姓氏、城市规划、革命、集体农业的具体案例谈大型规划中的极端现代主义,然后回到认识论谈地方性知识/实践知识。 如书名所说,确实是“国家的视角”,主要从剖析规划者为什么以及如何执迷于清晰化和规整化,但Scott其实也有讲不少来自“规...
评分国家的管理者出于控制的目的,总是希望把社会弄得像机器齿轮一样,冷冰冰的一环扣一环。在这种所谓统一有序、简单清晰的政治理念下,社会的多样性消失了,微观秩序生长的力量被抹杀惹尽。但这种“一刀切”的治理方式却往往事与愿违、弄巧成拙。从德国单一种植的科学林业...
评分上路前,抓了几本书,其中就有这本。在火车上看完这本书后,收获很大,感想也很多。我不知道从应该如何来与大家一起分享读后感。这本书内容丰富,资料详实,证据充分,分析深入,有理有据,观点中肯,很多分析判断让人信服,应该说是一本好书,可是在这本书有让我对有的东西有...
high modernism vs. local knowledge
评分论点非常简单的一本书,high modernism vs local knowledge,legibility vs opacity,主要读了俄国革命和苏联集体化的部分,有点意犹未尽。
评分具体知识很重要,实践很重要,改造社会不能仅靠专业知识绘制蓝图,好,这些我都知道了,但科层化理性化都是现代社会大势所趋,好的研究应该把这个“大势”在社会中造成的影响以及社会对这个影响的回馈之间的互动关系给写出来,作者也承认现代化种种给人们带来的好处,可是分析具体问题的时候就一边倒了。中国的社会主义实践到了今天还在各个层面上影响着我们这个社会运行的逻辑,好的、坏的,这书的那种解释框架显然失之浅薄了。还有,我不认为哲学和数学这样的抽象知识的推广就必然以牺牲实践理性为代价。这两者在很多层面是可以兼容的。我是写民族志的,喜欢强调实践理性和“民智”,但我同时认为更为抽象的理论知识帮助我们从“理”和根本的原则来想问题,而不是退化成“情境”和“条件”。我觉得作者从一个极端走向了另一个极端。
评分现在看起来,Scott同statist并没有本质区别,只是换了一边站罢了。
评分论点非常简单的一本书,high modernism vs local knowledge,legibility vs opacity,主要读了俄国革命和苏联集体化的部分,有点意犹未尽。
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