Collapse

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贾雷德·戴蒙德(Jared Diamond),加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校医学院生理学教授,美国艺术与科学院、国家科学院院士,是当代少数几位探究人类社会与文明的思想家之一。

戴蒙德的研究使他获奖无数,包括美国国家科学奖、美国 地理学会伯尔奖、泰勒环境贡献奖、日本国际环境和谐奖和麦克阿瑟基金会研究基金。

戴蒙德的代表作《枪炮、病菌与钢铁》探讨了人类社会不平等的起源和地理成因,获1998年美国普利策奖和英国科普图书奖。

出版者:Penguin Books
作者:Jared Diamond
出品人:
页数:575
译者:
出版时间:2005-12-27
价格:GBP 11.12
装帧:Paperback
isbn号码:9780143036555
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 历史 
  • 社会学 
  • JaredDiamond 
  • Environment 
  • 社科 
  • 社会 
  • 人类学 
  • History 
  •  
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Book Description

In this fascinating book, Diamond seeks to understand the fates of past societies that collapsed for ecological reasons, combining the most important policy debate of this generation with the romance and mystery of lost worlds.

Amazon.com

Jared Diamond's Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed is the glass-half-empty follow-up to his Pulitzer Prize-winning Guns, Germs, and Steel. While Guns, Germs, and Steel explained the geographic and environmental reasons why some human populations have flourished, Collapse uses the same factors to examine why ancient societies, including the Anasazi of the American Southwest and the Viking colonies of Greenland, as well as modern ones such as Rwanda, have fallen apart. Not every collapse has an environmental origin, but an eco-meltdown is often the main catalyst, he argues, particularly when combined with society's response to (or disregard for) the coming disaster. Still, right from the outset of Collapse, the author makes clear that this is not a mere environmentalist's diatribe. He begins by setting the book's main question in the small communities of present-day Montana as they face a decline in living standards and a depletion of natural resources. Once-vital mines now leak toxins into the soil, while prion diseases infect some deer and elk and older hydroelectric dams have become decrepit. On all these issues, and particularly with the hot-button topic of logging and wildfires, Diamond writes with equanimity.

Because he's addressing such significant issues within a vast span of time, Diamond can occasionally speak too briefly and assume too much, and at times his shorthand remarks may cause careful readers to raise an eyebrow. But in general, Diamond provides fine and well-reasoned historical examples, making the case that many times, economic and environmental concerns are one and the same. With Collapse, Diamond hopes to jog our collective memory to keep us from falling for false analogies or forgetting prior experiences, and thereby save us from potential devastations to come. While it might seem a stretch to use medieval Greenland and the Maya to convince a skeptic about the seriousness of global warming, it's exactly this type of cross-referencing that makes Collapse so compelling.

                                 --Jennifer Buckendorff

From Publishers Weekly

In his Pulitzer Prize–winning bestseller Guns, Germs, and Steel, geographer Diamond laid out a grand view of the organic roots of human civilizations in flora, fauna, climate and geology. That vision takes on apocalyptic overtones in this fascinating comparative study of societies that have, sometimes fatally, undermined their own ecological foundations. Diamond examines storied examples of human economic and social collapse, and even extinction, including Easter Island, classical Mayan civilization and the Greenland Norse. He explores patterns of population growth, overfarming, overgrazing and overhunting, often abetted by drought, cold, rigid social mores and warfare, that lead inexorably to vicious circles of deforestation, erosion and starvation prompted by the disappearance of plant and animal food sources. Extending his treatment to contemporary environmental trouble spots, from Montana to China to Australia, he finds today's global, technologically advanced civilization very far from solving the problems that plagued primitive, isolated communities in the remote past. At times Diamond comes close to a counsel of despair when contemplating the environmental havoc engulfing our rapidly industrializing planet, but he holds out hope at examples of sustainability from highland New Guinea's age-old but highly diverse and efficient agriculture to Japan's rigorous program of forest protection and, less convincingly, in recent green consumerism initiatives. Diamond is a brilliant expositor of everything from anthropology to zoology, providing a lucid background of scientific lore to support a stimulating, incisive historical account of these many declines and falls. Readers will find his book an enthralling, and disturbing, reminder of the indissoluble links that bind humans to nature. Photos.

From Booklist

Defining collapse as "extreme decline," the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997), which posed questions about Western civilization's domination of much of the world, now examines the reverse side of that coin. Diamond ponders reasons why certain civilizations have collapsed. With an eye on the implications for the present and future, he bases his analysis on his newly phrased version of an old maxim about what history teaches: "The past offers us a rich database from which we can learn." Drawing examples from this database, from Polynesian culture on Easter Island to the Viking outposts in Greenland to the Mayan civilization in Central America, the author finds "the fundamental pattern of catastrophe" that is apparent in these populations that once flourished and then collapsed. The template he holds up is a construct based on five factors, including environmental damage, climate change, and hostile neighbors. In addition, Diamond casts his critical but acute and inclusive gaze on the issue of why civilizations fail to see collapse coming. A thought-provoking book containing not a single page of dense prose. Expect demand from civic- and history-minded readers.

                                    Brad Hooper

From School Library Journal

Adult/High School–This powerful call to action should be read by all high school students. Diamond eloquently and persuasively describes the environmental and social problems that led to the collapse of previous civilizations and threaten us today. The book's organization makes researching particular regions or types of damage accessible. Unfamiliar words are defined, and mention of a place or issue that has been described in greater detail elsewhere includes relevant page numbers. Students may become impatient with the folksy Montana fishing stories in part one, but once the fascinating account of the vanished civilizations begins, readers are taken on an extraordinary journey. Using the Mayan empire, Easter Island, the Anasazi, and other examples, the author shows how a combination of environmental factors such as habitat destruction, the loss of biodiversity, and degradation of the soil caused complex, flourishing societies to suddenly disintegrate. Modern societies are divided into those that have begun to collapse, such as Rwanda and Haiti; those whose conservation policies have helped to avert disaster, such as Iceland and Japan; and those currently dealing with massive problems, such as Australia and China. Diamond is a cautious optimist. Some of his most compelling stories show how two groups of people sharing the same land, such as the Norse and Inuit in Greenland, can end up in completely different situations depending on how they address their problems. The solutions discussed are of vital importance: how societies respond to environmental degradation will determine how teens will live their adult lives. As Diamond points out, in a collapsing civilization, being rich just means being the last to starve. Black-and-white photos are included.

                                –Kathy Tewell, Fairfax County Public Library, VA

Book Dimension

length: (cm)21.7                 width:(cm)14

具体描述

读后感

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作者按:戴蒙德去年入选全球前十大公共知识分子之列,是我非常喜爱的学者。不过,此书精彩程度并不及他之前的两部著作《枪炮、钢枪和细菌》和《性趣探秘》。 这篇书评刊于《开放时代》2003年第5期。《崩溃》如今已有中文版行世,我大概是国内最早介绍此书的人。 贾雷德.戴蒙...  

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北極圈的永凍層逐漸融解,海水淹沒屯墾區,居住在那兒的居民被迫遷村;阿爾卑斯山的雪線不斷上升,群山面臨分崩離析的危機,一千四百萬人的生存倍受考驗;持續砍伐亞馬遜雨林,五十年後將有百分之六十的林地消失,意即在地球上維持人類生存的氧氣將減少五分之一。 以上三件事...  

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地震发生的时候,我一如往日地在网上闲逛。突如其来的眩晕让我产生了错觉,以为自己的某些身体机能出了问题。等站起身来才意识到眩晕的感觉不是身动也不是心动,是整栋楼都在晃动。接下来的狼狈动作事后想起来都觉得无比羞赧,手机没拿本本没拿房门钥匙没拿书也顾不上衣服也顾...  

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【读品】罗豫/文 虽然环境问题已成为中国经济高速发展的并发症,赚钱、买房、买车、炒股依旧是中国人日常交流的话语磁场所在。环境问题,最多是饭桌上的“季节性冷盘”,春天沙尘肆虐、夏天洪水汹汹、冬天千里冰封的时候才会得到公众不愉快的关注。说到底,在公共水龙头前贴上...  

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1. 本书所研究的崩溃,是指在相当大的地域范围内,历经一段时期,人口数量、政治经济社会复杂性的遽减与衰败。知名的崩溃例子有玛雅、复活节岛、吴哥窟等。作者举的知名例子,多数我没听说过或只听过名字,汗一下。 2. 过去社会自我破坏环境的过程可分为八个种类:森林退化和栖...  

用户评价

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好学究.. 好宏大一本书.. 看了Iceland, Greenland, Australia

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非常难忘 男朋友在自己有deadline的情况下先帮我读后给我讲 最后才去赶deadline. 书就....挺平庸的

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Blinkist reads# 雅思环境类范文大全????

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排除最後一部份有些悶,讀起來像環境經濟學的課本。。。想起早幾年副手男拍的那套不方便的真相。

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尊重自然尊重生命 過可以永續的生活方式

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