The Religion of China

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出版者:Free Press
作者:Max Weber
出品人:
页数:308
译者:Hans H. Gerth
出版时间:1968-5-1
价格:USD 19.95
装帧:Paperback
isbn号码:9780029344507
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 社会学 
  • 宗教 
  • 中国研究 
  • weber 
  • 韦伯 
  • 中国 
  • 宗教史 
  • 海外中国研究 
  •  
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"The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism" (original Free Press edition 1951) is one of a number of works by the German sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920) published in English translation only long after his death, during a post-World-War II boom in Anglo-American interest in his writing. Such interest has recurred at irregular intervals since (one marked by this 1968 paperback reprinting), and Weber's major works, including technical and methodological studies, apparently have all been translated. Initially familiar to readers of English only for his theories on the relation between the Protestant (mainly Calvinist) world-view and the capitalist "rationalization" of economic life ("The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism"), Weber gradually has been revealed as an explorer of the nature of human societies in many times and places.

Sinologists have given his studies of China (here and in a few essays published elsewhere) a somewhat mixed reception. On the one hand, it was an important example of China being taken seriously as major civilization, illustrating basic trends in human social behavior, instead of an exotic footnote ("Oriental Despotism," "The Oriental Mode of Production"). A product of Bismarck's Germany, Weber was acutely aware of the effects of bureaucracy, centralization of authority, and economic rationalization on traditional societies, and used China as a test case for his general theories. The religious responses to China's social and political order are a main, but not the only focus, and his treatment of both Confucianism and (mainly philosophical) Taoism as embodying genuine religious experiences was then unusual. Weber's mastery of the available translations and secondary literature is often mentioned as amounting to nearly a professional command of the field.

On the other hand, Weber *was* unable to consult the primary sources directly. He was acutely aware that much of his information came from missionaries with ideological biases; according to some, however, he often chose the *wrong* missionary to believe. He seriously underestimated the antiquity of some developments in Chinese government. His examples are sometimes wrong, sometimes not especially pertinent; and better ones are missing because he had no access to them. He accepted the view of Confucius as a sort of learned academic with an interest in ethical government (popular among some modern Chinese as well as westerners), without seeming to notice that he has often been regarded as a supernatural figure, a prophet, or, in Weber's own terms, a "charismatic" leader. And the study of Buddhism in China was in its infancy, and its transformative impacts on Confucian and Taoist thought and practice only beginning to be grasped. The study of the very complex history of Taoism *as a religion* is also mostly a more recent development.

Bearing these limits in mind, Weber's study remains fascinating. His suggested interpretations of Chinese society have set the terms for much research attempting to confirm or refute his ideas. He was sometimes wrong about both absolute and relative datings, but he recognized many important trends, and successfully framed them in larger contexts.

As very much an amateur in Chinese studies (with greater limits than Weber, and not nearly as industrious, but able to benefit from modern scholarship), I have long found the book illuminating; I just try to check it against recent studies. For those who are familiar with Weber only for "The Protestant Ethic" (and the attendant controversy), this volume, and its companions on "Ancient Judaism" and "The Religions of India," may come as a considerable surprise.

Those interested in the sociology of Chinese religion (rather than beliefs and practices) will want to take a look at a book by C.K. Yang, the author of the Introduction to this translation. Yang's "Religion in Chinese Society: A Study of Contemporary Social Functions of Religion and Some of Their Historical Factors" (originally University of California Press, 1961) provides information on Chinese religion in relation to government policies, and community and family structures, with documentation for specific regions. I consider it a complement, not a substitute, for Weber, because several chapters are probably too statistical to make it attractive to many readers. Yang also assumes familiarity with a body of professional sociological thought that Weber was still establishing. Of course, it too is beginning to show its age.

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可能还没有抵达的 读一本汉译世界学术著丛书之一,马克斯•韦伯的《儒教与道教》,再读两本闲书,一本《佛学入门》圣严法师著,成都文殊院印;一本《太乙金华宗旨今语》冯广宏著,成都民族宗教文化丛书编委会印。 前一本书是极为正式的商务印书...  

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导言 虽然此书名为《中国的宗教:儒教与道教》,但是内容却并不是仅仅介绍中国的宗教那么简单。首先,韦伯写作宗教社会学系列的目的是阐释为什么资本主义仅只在欧洲得到发展而没有在其他文明中开花结果。其次在他看来宗教社会学“所要研究的并不是宗教现象的本质,而是因宗教...  

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《儒教与道教》是在大学的时候那个说“思想上要激进,身体上要保守"的老师介绍的。韦伯的书有着扎实的社会学理论基础,论证了儒教是适应生活的理性主义,即顺阴阳明教化,清教是改变生活的理性主义,道即术士和巫师,出世和入世的最早起源可能是生活的快乐和苦难导致的神鬼二...  

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马克斯•韦伯眼中的传统中国——《中国的宗教:儒教与道教》读书笔记 这么长,估计也是没有人会看的,发上了只是怕那一天,笔记本丢了,电脑硬盘坏了,找不找笔记怎么办???哈哈……为了整理这篇笔记,我到现在还没吃饭呢,8400多字,不得不承认,马克斯•韦伯是个...  

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太长时间保持着开朗欣喜心中有花园的状态,自己觉着不大正常,又不是服用了什么药物,怎么能永远这么快乐? 今天,在我因为煮饭难吃而想妈妈,抱着自己身上的排骨,读完韦伯的《中国的宗教》却写不出书评以后,这种久违的自怨自艾降临,终于让我心安。 人和人的差距大到:他一...  

用户评价

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The Protestant Ethic and the "Spirit" of Capitalism 基础上更实证化的衍生,也是当下学术图谱中大部分问题的源头。个人觉得原系列标题中的“Economic Ethic (of religion)” 才是韦伯问题的核心。韦伯所留下的仍然有洞见的思考框架是:1. 儒教/道教与新教作为两类精神资源各自具备怎样的rational ethic, 而这又如何影响了与之相应的两种文化的不同政治/社会/经济路径;2. 更抽象而言,韦伯如何回应了马克思,从而重新反思了“mentality”与政/经/社环境之间的关系。

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韦伯理论的缺陷在于缺乏一个穷尽性的宗教分类。这个缺陷在分析儒学的时候暴露无遗。以韦伯的见识,如果可以活到21世纪看到东亚的发展,大概也会更新他的理论吧。不知道东亚崛起与韦伯在学界的失宠有多大关系,但很多他的书都是70年代后就没有再版了。

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即将咳血。

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