"It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence." - W. K. Clifford - this forthright assertion of mathematician and educator W. K. Clifford (1845-1879) in his famous essay "The Ethics of Belief" drew an immediate response from Victorian-era critics, who took issue with his reasoned and brilliantly presented attack on beliefs "not founded on fair inquiry". An advocate of evolutionary theory, Clifford recognised that working hypotheses and assumptions are necessary for belief formation and that testing and assessing one's beliefs in light of new evidence strengthens those worthy of being held. "The Ethics of Belief" is presented here in complete form, along with an insightful biographical introduction by editor Timothy J. Madigan. Also included are four other noteworthy essays by Clifford: "On the Aims and Instruments of Scientific Thought", "Right and Wrong", "The Ethics of Religion", and "The Influence upon Morality of a Decline in Religious Belief".
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在The Duty of Inquiry中,关于信仰正确性的想法很有趣,强调了理性反思的必要性。他的文章正直,理性,且单薄,充斥着带有理想主义色彩的理性至上观点,却缺乏对社会更根本的认识:为了维持社会的运作,多数人的适当愚蠢是必要的。
评分在The Duty of Inquiry中,关于信仰正确性的想法很有趣,强调了理性反思的必要性。他的文章正直,理性,且单薄,充斥着带有理想主义色彩的理性至上观点,却缺乏对社会更根本的认识:为了维持社会的运作,多数人的适当愚蠢是必要的。
评分在The Duty of Inquiry中,关于信仰正确性的想法很有趣,强调了理性反思的必要性。他的文章正直,理性,且单薄,充斥着带有理想主义色彩的理性至上观点,却缺乏对社会更根本的认识:为了维持社会的运作,多数人的适当愚蠢是必要的。
评分在The Duty of Inquiry中,关于信仰正确性的想法很有趣,强调了理性反思的必要性。他的文章正直,理性,且单薄,充斥着带有理想主义色彩的理性至上观点,却缺乏对社会更根本的认识:为了维持社会的运作,多数人的适当愚蠢是必要的。
评分在The Duty of Inquiry中,关于信仰正确性的想法很有趣,强调了理性反思的必要性。他的文章正直,理性,且单薄,充斥着带有理想主义色彩的理性至上观点,却缺乏对社会更根本的认识:为了维持社会的运作,多数人的适当愚蠢是必要的。
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