Making Japanese Citizens

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出版者:University of California Press
作者:Simon Andrew Avenell
出品人:
页数:356
译者:
出版时间:2010-09-08
价格:USD 24.95
装帧:Paperback
isbn号码:9780520262713
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 自由主义
  • 知识分子
  • 民族主义
  • 日本史
  • 日本
  • 思想史
  • 日本研究
  • 公民身份
  • 社会学
  • 历史
  • 文化
  • 移民
  • 族群认同
  • 政治
  • 现代化
  • 亚洲研究
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《日本社会变迁与身份构建:战后至新世纪的文化景观》 导言:时代的脉络与身份的重塑 本书深入探讨了自二战结束以来,日本社会在政治、经济、文化以及人口结构等多个维度上所经历的深刻变革,并着重分析了这些变迁如何形塑了当代日本人的身份认同与社会构建。我们聚焦于宏大叙事下的微观体验,试图勾勒出一幅复杂且充满张力的现代日本社会图景。本书的立足点在于,理解当代日本,必须回溯其战后重建、经济腾飞、泡沫破裂以及全球化冲击下所产生的社会心理结构与群体意识的演变。 第一部分:战后重建与“国民”概念的重塑(1945-1970年代) 第一章:废墟之上:新宪法、民主化与国家叙事的转型 战败不仅是军事上的失败,更是国家意识形态的彻底崩塌。本章考察了盟军占领时期所推行的改革,特别是新《日本国宪法》的颁布,如何从法律层面重构了“国民”(kokumin)的概念。我们分析了“和平主义”理念的植入,以及由此带来的国家责任与个人义务之间的微妙平衡。重点讨论了“天皇制”的存续与变化,以及天皇如何从“神格”转变为“国民的象征”,这一身份重塑对民众心理的影响。 第二章:经济奇迹的驱动力:集体主义与工作伦理的巩固 战后的高速经济增长是塑造现代日本身份的核心动力。本章分析了“经济至上主义”如何成为新的国家叙事,并取代了战前的军国主义叙事。我们探讨了终身雇佣制、年功序列制等企业文化如何强化了集体主义价值观,使个人身份与所属企业深度绑定。通过对企业内部文化、工会结构以及“工薪族”(salaryman)形象的细致考察,揭示了这种工作伦理如何构建了一种高度规范化、强调服从与奉献的国民心态。 第三章:消费社会的萌芽与郊区化的人居变迁 随着经济的繁荣,大众消费文化开始兴起。本章关注1960年代末期开始的城市化和郊区化进程。新一代的家庭结构、居住模式(如“团地”生活)的出现,对传统的大家族模式构成了挑战。我们考察了电视、广告等大众媒体在传播新的生活方式和消费观念方面的作用,以及这种变化如何开始松动根深蒂固的地域共同体观念,代之以更趋向于个人化和家庭核心化的生活模式。 第二部分:泡沫经济的辉煌与幻灭(1980年代-1990年代中期) 第四章:黄金时代的膨胀:身份焦虑与“第二身份”的探索 1980年代的泡沫经济将日本推向了全球经济舞台的中心,但这种空前的物质富裕也带来了深层的身份危机。本章研究了在经济成功光环下,个体对自身存在意义的追问。我们分析了“内卷化”现象的出现,以及“第二身份”(如爱好、旅行、海外经历)的兴起,这标志着个体开始尝试从僵化的工作体系中寻求超越和区隔。 第五章:失落的十年与“失去的一代”的形成 1990年代初期的泡沫经济崩溃,对日本社会结构造成了结构性冲击。本章重点分析了终身雇佣制的瓦解、非正规雇用的增加,以及由此催生出的“泡沫后一代”(Sarabure Gen)的社会心理。我们探讨了“漂流族”(Hyorizoku)、“御宅族”(Otaku)等边缘化群体现象的兴起,这些群体代表着对主流社会价值观(稳定、勤奋、集体服从)的消极抵抗或逃离。 第六章:地域性与全球化的张力:地方衰退与“酷日本”的早期轮廓 随着全球化进程的加速,地方经济的衰退问题日益凸显。本章考察了地方社区如何努力在“被遗忘”的危机中重塑其文化身份,以及中央政府在应对地方空心化方面的政策与效果。同时,我们初探了以动漫、电子游戏为代表的流行文化开始向海外输出,这标志着日本开始探索一种不依赖于传统经济实力的新型“文化国力”身份构建方式。 第三部分:新世纪的碎片化与多元身份的浮现(2000年代至今) 第七章:小泉改革与“自我责任”时代的到来 本章分析了21世纪初的政治经济改革,特别是小泉纯一郎时代推行的结构性改革,如何进一步削弱了国家对个体的保障职能,并将社会压力更多地转嫁给个人。我们考察了“非正规雇佣”的常态化对青年一代的职业规划和家庭组建产生了何种长期影响,以及“努力/不努力”的话语权如何被强化,从而加剧了社会阶层的固化。 第八章:人口结构危机与“他者”的能见度 少子高龄化已成为定义当代日本身份的核心议题。本章探讨了在人口负增长背景下,日本社会对“外国人”和“移民”角色的态度变迁。我们分析了技术实习生制度(TITP)的争议,以及针对外籍劳工在法律、社会融入上面临的结构性障碍。同时,考察了日本社会如何试图在维持“同质性”理想与应对劳动力短缺之间进行艰难的平衡。 第九章:数字时代的身份流变:网络空间与虚拟共同体 互联网和智能手机的普及,极大地改变了公共讨论的形态和身份的表达方式。本章研究了社交媒体如何为边缘群体提供了发声平台,以及网络言论极化、信息茧房现象在日本社会中的具体表现。我们分析了“匿名性”如何影响了公共道德规范,以及人们如何在日益碎片化的数字空间中寻找新的归属感。 第十章:灾难记忆、文化韧性与未来的身份基调 东日本大地震(2011年)及其后续海啸和核事故,是当代日本身份建构的又一个重要转折点。本章探讨了这场灾难如何重新激发了社区互助精神,但也暴露了国家应急体系的脆弱性。我们分析了民众对“科技万能论”的反思,以及灾后社会在追求“韧性”(Resilience)的过程中,对未来社会模式和国民责任的重新审视。 结论:持续的“在路上”的日本身份 本书总结认为,当代日本的身份构建是一个动态的、充满内在矛盾的过程。它在对战后集体主义成就的怀恋与对全球化竞争的适应之间摇摆;在强调“和”(Wa,和谐)的社会规范与日益增长的个体诉求之间拉扯。当代日本人正处于一个身份重新界定的十字路口,其未来走向将取决于如何整合其独特的历史经验、经济现实与新兴的社会多元性。本书旨在为理解这一复杂身份提供一个多层次、跨学科的分析框架。

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"Making Japanese Citizens" – this title immediately sparks a sense of deep investigation into the very foundations of national identity. It implies that citizenship is not a static entity, but a dynamic, constructed phenomenon, and I find this perspective incredibly compelling. I'm eager to explore the various facets of this "making" process within the Japanese context. My mind immediately goes to the role of indoctrination, not in a negative sense, but in the way societies transmit values and norms across generations. How does Japan, with its rich history and unique cultural landscape, go about cultivating a sense of collective identity and belonging? Is it through a centralized educational system that emphasizes specific historical narratives and civic virtues? Or does it involve a more diffuse, yet equally powerful, influence from popular culture, societal expectations, and the subtle reinforcement of shared traditions? I'm particularly interested in how the concept of the "ideal citizen" is defined and promoted in Japan. Are there specific traits or behaviors that are consistently encouraged and rewarded? And importantly, how does this process account for diversity, or does it tend towards a more monolithic definition of Japanese identity? The title also suggests a potential for historical evolution. I'm keen to understand how major historical turning points – the modernization efforts of the Meiji era, the impact of World War II and its aftermath, and the economic shifts of the late 20th century – have influenced and reshaped the process of making Japanese citizens. I would hope the book provides specific examples and case studies to illustrate these abstract concepts. For instance, how have policies related to immigration, minority groups, or even language education contributed to the ongoing construction of Japanese citizenship? I want to understand the intricate interplay between individual agency and societal forces, and how the concept of "being Japanese" has been negotiated and redefined over time. The title promises a thorough examination of this complex process, and I'm eager to uncover its insights.

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The very phrase "Making Japanese Citizens" intrigues me deeply. It suggests a deliberate and ongoing process, a shaping of identity rather than a passive inheritance. I'm drawn to the idea that citizenship, in Japan as elsewhere, is a construct, and I'm eager to understand the mechanisms and ideologies that underpin this construction. My immediate thoughts turn to the pervasive influence of the education system. How do Japanese schools, from primary to tertiary levels, impart a sense of national identity, shared values, and civic responsibility? Are there specific pedagogical approaches or curriculum elements that are particularly instrumental in this process? Beyond formal schooling, I suspect the "making" of citizens extends into the realm of cultural production. I'm curious to explore how media, be it film, television, literature, or even advertising, contributes to the formation and reinforcement of a collective Japanese consciousness. Does it promote certain ideals of behavior, national pride, or historical understanding? The title also implies a potential for a definition of "Japanese-ness" that might exclude certain individuals or groups. I'm interested to see if the book addresses how Japan has historically grappled with concepts of inclusion and exclusion, and how this has shaped the very definition of its citizenry. The historical dimension is, of course, paramount. I anticipate the book will examine how key historical periods and events, such as the Meiji Restoration's push for modernization, the consequences of World War II, and the subsequent post-war reevaluation of national identity, have played a significant role in this ongoing process. I am particularly eager for the book to offer concrete examples and case studies that illustrate these processes in practice. For instance, how have specific government policies, social movements, or even everyday interactions contributed to the shaping of Japanese citizens? My hope is for a nuanced and multi-layered exploration that moves beyond generalizations to reveal the complexities and perhaps even the subtle tensions inherent in forging a national identity. This title promises a deep dive into the very essence of belonging, and I'm ready to engage with its exploration.

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《Making Japanese Citizens》这个书名,与其说是吸引,不如说是一种挑战。它暗示着一种主动的塑造过程,而非简单的历史自然演进。我一直觉得,所谓的“国民性”或“公民身份”并非铁板一块,而是流动的、被建构的。这本书的标题恰恰点出了这一点,让我对其内容充满了期待。我想知道,作者是如何定义“制造”这个词的?它是否指向一种强制性的同化,还是更温和的引导?在日本这样一个注重集体主义的社会,公民身份的形成,是否更加强调个体的服从与融入?书中是否会深入探讨,历史事件,例如明治维新、二战后的改革、以及泡沫经济破裂后的社会反思,是如何深刻影响了日本人对自己身份的认知?我特别关注的是,在“制造”的过程中,是否存在着一个清晰的“他者”形象,用以衬托和巩固“我者”的身份?例如,西方文化、中国文化,抑或是历史上的某个敌人,是如何被描绘,并最终融入到日本公民身份的建构中的?我希望这本书能够不仅仅停留在宏观的国家层面,也能触及微观的个体经验。比如,普通家庭中的亲子教育,学校里的集体活动,甚至是媒体宣传,是如何将国家认同和集体意识灌输给下一代的?我很好奇,在日本社会,忠诚、勤奋、礼貌这些被认为是日本国民的特质,是如何被“制造”出来,并且被内化为个体行为准则的?书中是否会探讨,随着全球化和移民人口的增加,这种“制造”过程是否面临着新的挑战,甚至可能出现某种程度的“解构”?我渴望了解,在日本公民身份的形成过程中,是否存在着某种隐秘的议程,或者说是被精英阶层所操控的意图?这种“制造”的最终目的是什么?是为了国家的稳定,经济的发展,还是某种更深层次的文化复兴?我希望这本书能够提供一些令人耳目一新的视角,让我对日本社会和国民身份有一个更深刻、更全面的理解,打破我原有的刻板印象。

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"Making Japanese Citizens" - this title resonates with me on a level that goes beyond mere academic curiosity. It evokes a sense of profound social and cultural construction, a deliberate sculpting of identity that I find endlessly fascinating. The idea that citizenship is not simply a given, but something actively forged, is a powerful one, and I'm keen to delve into the methods and motivations behind this process in the Japanese context. My initial thoughts gravitate towards the role of education. How does the Japanese school system, with its emphasis on discipline, group harmony, and national history, contribute to shaping young minds into what are considered "ideal" citizens? But beyond the classroom, I suspect the "making" extends much further. What about the pervasive influence of media, the carefully curated narratives in television dramas, films, and popular music? Do these forms of cultural expression subtly instill a sense of national pride, shared values, and a common understanding of what it means to be Japanese? The title also suggests a potential for exclusion or the marginalization of those who don't fit the mold. I'm interested to see if the book explores how Japan has historically dealt with minority groups, or how it defines its "other" – perhaps through comparison with neighboring countries or Western societies – in order to solidify its own sense of identity. Furthermore, I wonder about the historical underpinnings. How have major historical events, from the Meiji Restoration and its drive for modernization to the post-war period and its subsequent redefinition of national identity, shaped this ongoing process of "making"? Is there a conscious effort to promote certain historical narratives while downplaying others? I'm particularly interested in understanding the lived experience of this "making." How do individuals navigate these societal expectations? Are there instances of resistance or alternative interpretations of Japanese identity? I hope the book provides a nuanced and multi-faceted exploration, moving beyond simplistic notions of homogeneity to reveal the complexities and perhaps even the tensions inherent in the construction of national identity. The title promises a deep dive into the very essence of what it means to belong, and I'm ready for the journey.

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"Making Japanese Citizens" – the title alone is a powerful statement, suggesting an active, intentional process of identity formation. This resonates deeply with my belief that national identity is a fluid and constructed entity, and I'm particularly drawn to examining this process within the unique cultural context of Japan. My initial thoughts drift towards the systematic influence of the education system. How does the Japanese curriculum, from early childhood to higher education, intentionally shape individuals into embodying specific civic values, historical understandings, and a sense of collective belonging? Beyond the classroom, I'm eager to explore the pervasive impact of Japanese popular culture. How do films, television dramas, manga, and music contribute to the internalization of what it means to be Japanese? Do these cultural outputs subtly promote certain narratives about national pride, social responsibility, or historical continuity? The title also raises the question of boundaries – who gets to be a "Japanese citizen," and what are the criteria? I'm interested to see if the book examines how Japan defines its "other," and how this external framing solidifies its internal sense of identity. The historical dimension is crucial here. I anticipate the book will meticulously trace the evolution of citizenship in Japan, examining how pivotal historical moments – from the Meiji Restoration's drive for modernization and nation-building, through the complex legacy of World War II, to the post-war period of reconstruction and societal redefinition – have shaped the very concept of a "Japanese citizen." My hope is that the book will provide rich, detailed examples and perhaps even specific case studies that bring these processes to life. I want to understand the tangible ways in which societal forces and individual experiences converge to create the Japanese citizen. This title promises a deep and critical exploration of identity construction, and I'm eager to delve into its findings.

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When I first saw the title "Making Japanese Citizens," I was immediately struck by its declarative and active nature. It suggests a deliberate process, a kind of societal engineering, rather than a passive evolution of identity. This is precisely what draws me in. I've always been fascinated by how national identities are forged, especially in societies with strong cultural traditions like Japan. I'm eager to explore the mechanisms the book might uncover for how this "making" is achieved. Are we talking about formal education systems, with their standardized curricula and civic lessons? Or is it a more subtle, pervasive influence, woven into the fabric of daily life, through media, social norms, and popular culture? The very term "making" implies agency, and I'm keen to understand whose agency is at play. Is it the government, shaping policy and propaganda? Is it the educational establishment, indoctrinating the young? Or is it a more organic, bottom-up process, driven by shared experiences and a collective desire for belonging? I'm also curious about the definition of "citizen" being employed here. Does it refer primarily to legal status, or does it encompass a deeper sense of cultural belonging and shared values? The book's title hints at a potential tension between the individual and the collective, and I'm eager to see how this is explored. How does Japan balance the cultivation of a unified national identity with the respect for individual differences? Are there specific historical junctures or social movements that have been particularly instrumental in this "making" process? I'm not just looking for abstract theories; I'm hoping for concrete examples and case studies that illustrate these processes in action. For instance, how has Japan's approach to integrating second-generation immigrants, or its handling of historical narratives, contributed to or challenged the notion of a unified Japanese citizenry? I want to understand the nuances, the potential contradictions, and the ongoing evolution of what it means to be a Japanese citizen. This book, I suspect, will offer a critical lens through which to examine the construction of national identity.

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“Making Japanese Citizens” 这个书名,一开始就勾起了我极大的好奇心。在日本这样一个看似同质化极强的社会里,“制造”公民,这本身就带着一种引人深思的意味。我一直对日本的社会构成和国民认同的形成过程充满兴趣,而这本书的标题似乎正是我一直以来寻找的那个入口。我期待它能深入剖析日本社会在历史进程中,是如何通过教育、法律、文化输出以及社会政策等多种途径,塑造和巩固其国民身份的。更吸引我的是,“制造”这个词,可能暗示着这个过程并非自然而然,而是存在着某种主动的、甚至是刻意的设计。我想了解,这种“制造”的背后,有着怎样的理念支撑?是否存在着某种理想化的国民形象,而社会又在努力将其灌输给每一个人?书中是否会探讨,在这一过程中,个体身份与集体认同之间是如何被调和,又或者是如何产生冲突的?我很想知道,作者是如何界定“日本公民”这个概念的,它是否包含着对历史、文化、价值观的特定理解?这不仅仅是关于一个国家的公民,更是一种文化身份的认同,一种对“日本”这一概念的内在化的过程,我希望这本书能够提供一个宏观的视角,让我看到这背后的宏大叙事,以及构成这叙事的细枝末节。比如,教育体系在其中扮演了怎样的角色?从小学到大学,课程设置、教学方法、甚至教材内容,是如何潜移默化地影响年轻一代的?我很好奇,在现代化的浪潮中,日本是如何在保持自身独特性的同时,吸纳和融合外来文化的,而这个过程中,“公民”的定义又是否发生了演变?这本书是否会涉及到那些曾经被边缘化的群体,比如少数民族,或者是在战后发生的社会变革,对“日本公民”的身份认同产生了怎样的冲击?我期待着书中能够提供具体的案例分析,而不是泛泛而谈,让我能够更直观地理解“制造”的过程,以及其复杂性和多面性。

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The title "Making Japanese Citizens" immediately evokes a sense of deliberate construction and societal engineering, which is precisely what draws me in. I'm fascinated by how national identities are not simply inherited but actively shaped through various societal forces. My mind immediately goes to the role of historical narratives. How does Japan, through its educational system and public discourse, present its history to foster a particular kind of citizenship? Are certain events emphasized, while others are downplayed, to cultivate a specific national consciousness? I'm also curious about the influence of cultural practices and social norms. How does the emphasis on group harmony, politeness, and collective responsibility in Japanese society contribute to the formation of its citizens? I wonder if the book will explore how these seemingly ingrained traits are, in fact, cultivated and reinforced. The concept of the "ideal citizen" is another area of great interest. What qualities are promoted and valued in Japan, and how are these qualities instilled in individuals? Are these qualities tied to economic productivity, social order, or something else entirely? The title also hints at the potential for a distinction between being legally recognized as a citizen and embodying the cultural and social expectations of that role. I'm keen to see how the book navigates this potential duality. Furthermore, I anticipate the book will delve into the impact of historical transformations. How have significant events like the Meiji Restoration, World War II, and the post-war economic boom and subsequent challenges influenced the way Japanese citizens are "made"? I hope for the book to offer concrete examples and detailed case studies that illustrate these processes in action, rather than remaining purely theoretical. I want to understand the tangible ways in which individuals are socialized into their roles as Japanese citizens. This title promises a thorough and critical examination of identity formation, and I am eager to explore its insights.

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"Making Japanese Citizens" – this title grabs my attention with its implication of active creation. It suggests that the identity of a Japanese citizen is not simply born, but meticulously crafted. I am deeply interested in the processes through which this crafting occurs. My initial assumptions lean towards the influence of societal norms and collective expectations. How does the Japanese emphasis on group harmony, social etiquette, and adherence to tradition contribute to the formation of its citizens? I'm particularly curious about the role of education, not just in imparting knowledge, but in instilling a particular ethos and a sense of national belonging from a young age. What are the specific methods and philosophies employed by the Japanese education system to shape individuals into what is considered a "good citizen"? Furthermore, I wonder about the subtle yet powerful influence of popular culture. How do Japanese films, anime, manga, and music contribute to the construction of a shared national identity, and what kinds of values and narratives do they perpetuate? The title also raises questions about boundaries. Who is considered a "Japanese citizen," and how are these boundaries defined and maintained? I’m eager to see if the book explores how Japan constructs its "other," and how this, in turn, solidifies its own sense of identity. The historical trajectory is also a crucial element. I anticipate the book will delve into how significant historical moments, such as the Meiji Restoration, the pre-war nationalist fervor, and the post-war democratic reforms, have profoundly shaped the ongoing process of making Japanese citizens. My desire is for the book to provide specific, tangible examples of this "making" in action. I want to understand the practical implementation of these ideas, perhaps through examining specific policy initiatives, community programs, or even individual narratives that illustrate the complexities of becoming a Japanese citizen. This title promises a comprehensive exploration of how national identity is actively constructed, and I'm eager to discover its findings.

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The title, "Making Japanese Citizens," immediately conjures an image of deliberate construction, a conscious effort to shape individuals into a particular mold of national belonging. This concept is, to me, deeply intriguing, especially when applied to a society often perceived as possessing a strong sense of homogeneity like Japan. I'm eager to understand the specific techniques and strategies employed in this "making" process. Is it primarily through the formal channels of education, instilling a specific curriculum, values, and historical understanding from a young age? Or does it extend into more informal realms, such as media portrayals, cultural norms, and societal expectations that subtly guide behavior and foster a collective identity? I'm particularly interested in the definition of "citizen" that the book adopts. Does it focus on legal rights and responsibilities, or does it delve into a more profound sense of cultural assimilation and shared ideology? The word "making" suggests an active force, and I'm curious to explore who wields this force and to what ends. Is it a top-down governmental initiative, a societal consensus, or perhaps a complex interplay of various actors? I'm also drawn to the potential for this process to create a distinct "insider" and "outsider" dynamic. How does Japan define itself in relation to others, and how are these perceptions woven into the fabric of its citizenry? The historical context is also crucial. I anticipate the book will delve into how significant historical periods, such as the Meiji Restoration, the Pacific War, and the post-war economic miracle, have shaped the very notion of what it means to be a Japanese citizen. My hope is that the book will go beyond mere theoretical discussions and provide concrete examples of this "making" in action. I want to see how specific policies, cultural practices, or even everyday interactions contribute to the formation of Japanese identity. I'm looking for a detailed exploration of the nuances and complexities, perhaps even the inherent contradictions, in this ongoing process of crafting national belonging. The title promises a critical examination of the forces that shape us, and I'm ready to engage with its insights.

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exploration of the idea "shimin" , good perspective

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exploration of the idea "shimin" , good perspective

评分

exploration of the idea "shimin" , good perspective

评分

exploration of the idea "shimin" , good perspective

评分

exploration of the idea "shimin" , good perspective

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