Michel Foucault (1926-1984) was an internationally renowned French historian and philosopher, associated with the structuralist and post-structuralist movements. His many books include The Order of Things, The History of Sexuality and Madness, and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason.

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Nicolas Bourriaud, a critical theorist, is Gulbenkian Curator of Contemporary Art at Tate Britain and co-founder of the Palais de Tokyo in Paris.

In this encounter between one of the 20th century’s greatest minds and an artist fundamental to the development of modern art, French philosopher Michel Foucault explores Edouard Manet’s importance in the overthrow of traditional values in painting.

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Originally delivered in Tunis in 1971 as part of a conference on Manet and here translated into English for the first time, this powerful critique takes the form of a commentary on 13 of Manet’s paintings. For the political-minded philosopher, the connection between visual art and power was clear: art is not an aesthetic pursuit, but a means to explore—and challenge—power dynamics. A precursor to Foucault’s later work on le regard, or the gaze, the text examines paintings like Un Bar aux Folies-Bergére, where Manet used the mirror to imply the multiple gaze of the waitress, the viewer, and the man at the bar, who may or may not be the artist himself. Foucault used Manet as a basis for a wider exploration of culture.

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With a new introduction by leading French critic and Tate curator Nicolas Bourriaud and a note on the translation by Matthew Barr, this is a major contribution to the fields of both modern philosophy and art history.

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This title is new in paperback. In this encounter between one of the twentieth century's greatest philosophical minds and an artist fundamental to our understanding of the development of modern art, Michel Foucault explores Manet's importance in the overthrow of traditional values in painting. Translated into English in 2009, this widely acclaimed commentary on thirteen of Manet's paintings is now published in paperback for the first time. The text was originally delivered as a series of lectures in Tunis in 1971, at a time when Foucault was both intellectually and politically engaged, and is both readable and accessible in its conversational style. Far from painting being an insular and bourgeois pursuit, Foucault saw it as a place where power's insidious workings were disclosed and therefore could be challenged. At the same time, this work is part of the larger history of representation that informs all Foucault's major writings, a stage in the development of his concern for le regard, or the gaze, which was to become a major feature of twentieth-century French phenomenology. In paintings like "Un Bar aux Folies-Bergere", Manet used the mirror to imply the multiple gaze of the waitress, the viewer and the man at the bar who may or may not be the artist, to produce a new, self-conscious kind of painting, or painting-object, that was about painting itself. It was these qualities that fascinated Foucault, who used Manet as a basis for a wider exploration of culture. Featuring an introduction by leading French critic Nicolas Bourriaud and a note on the translation by Matthew Barr, this is a significant text for all those interested in or studying modern philosophy and art history.