米歇尔・福柯,20世纪极富挑战性和反叛性的法国思想家。青年时期就学于巴黎高等师范学校,以后曾担任多所大学的教职。1970年起任法兰西学院思想系统史教授,直至逝世。 福柯振奋多多数研究致力于考察具体的历史,由此开掘出众多富有冲击力的思想主题,从而激烈地批判现代理性话语;同时,福柯的行文风格具有鲜明的文学色彩,讲究修辞,饱含激情,这也是他在欧美世界产生巨大影响的一个重要原因。
This was Michel Foucault's first major book, written while he was the Director of the Maison de France in Sweden. It examines ideas, practices, institutions, art and literature relating to madness in Western history.
Foucault begins his history in the Middle Ages, noting the social and physical exclusion of lepers. He argues that with the gradual disappearance of leprosy, madness came to occupy this excluded position. The ship of fools in the 15th century is a literary version of one such exclusionary practice, the practice of sending mad people away in ships. However, during the Renaissance, madness was regarded as an all-abundant phenomena because humans could not come close to the Reason of God. As Cervantes' Don Quixote, all humans are ridiculous weak to desires and dissimulation. Therefore, the insane, understood as one who has come too close to God's Reason, was accepted in the middle of society. It is not before the 17th century, in a movement which Foucault famously describes as the Great Confinement, that "unreasonable" members of the population systematically were locked away and institutionalised. In the 18th century, madness came to be seen as the obverse of Reason, that is, as having lost what made them human and become animal-like and therefore treated as such. It is not before 19th century that madness became mental illness that should be cured, e.g. Freud. Later it was demonstrated that the large increase in confinement did not happen in 17th but in the 19th century, somewhat undermining his argument.
Foucault also argues that madness during Renaissance had the power to signify the limits of social order and to point to a deeper truth. This was silenced by the Reason of Enlightenment. He also examines the rise of modern scientific and "humanitarian" treatments of the insane, notably at the hands of Philippe Pinel and Samuel Tuke. He claims that these modern treatments were in fact no less controlling than previous methods. Tuke's country retreat for the mad consisted of punishing the madmen until they gave up their commitment to madness. Similarly, Pinel's treatment of the mad amounted to an extended aversion therapy, including such treatments as freezing showers and use of a straitjacket. In Foucault's view, this treatment amounted to repeated brutality until the pattern of judgment and punishment was internalized by the patient.
福柯于1961年发表的博士论文《疯癫和文明》是他的第一部著作,由此开始他关于理性与系谱学的探索。在这部书中他向我们指出:我们现有的关于疯癫的知识都是理性的噪音,真正的疯癫在缄默。本文是该书的学习笔记,旨在综述福柯关于理性、非理性与疯癫的关系、疯癫的话语与权力的...
评分 评分请参见[http://art.ifeng.com/2015/0821/2483137.shtml] 很有意思 转给大家瞅瞅~ 包括folly 戈雅 丢勒 博斯 还有细节图 我其实就是在凑字数而已 P9 福柯认为,虽然麻风病人被排斥,但他们的存在是对上帝的一个可靠证明,因为这是上帝愤怒和恩宠的一个表征。”在勃鲁盖尔(B...
评分《疯癫与文明》是福柯在巴黎高师的第一篇博士论文。作为一个常年来又搞基又SM又喜欢尝试濒死体验的人,他对“疯癫”二字似乎非常有发言权。——据说在他生前的很多时候,都是在夜晚里磕了药,看着夜空中的漫天星斗如流星般乱舞坠落,然后提笔写下了他很多著名的哲学。 这是一...
第九章医生在精神病院里建立家庭结构,通过树立父亲权威进行“道德治疗”,把病人控制在一个责任系统和对自己无休止的审判中,希望病人通过承认自己客体地位成为一个负责的主体。看得人脊柱发凉。。。
评分Once you realize we are all mad, life starts to make sense. 非一句玩笑话而已。
评分Foucault's work challenges the the usual way we think of madness and society, through his desperately romantic language, he revealed a constructed history of insanity. Madness is non-being; it is both reason and unreason, dreams and reality, lies and truth; it negates and reproduces. A truly intellectually stimulating and enjoyable reading.
评分已讀,已忘。
评分Once you realize we are all mad, life starts to make sense. 非一句玩笑话而已。
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