米歇尔・福柯,20世纪极富挑战性和反叛性的法国思想家。青年时期就学于巴黎高等师范学校,以后曾担任多所大学的教职。1970年起任法兰西学院思想系统史教授,直至逝世。 福柯振奋多多数研究致力于考察具体的历史,由此开掘出众多富有冲击力的思想主题,从而激烈地批判现代理性话语;同时,福柯的行文风格具有鲜明的文学色彩,讲究修辞,饱含激情,这也是他在欧美世界产生巨大影响的一个重要原因。
This was Michel Foucault's first major book, written while he was the Director of the Maison de France in Sweden. It examines ideas, practices, institutions, art and literature relating to madness in Western history.
Foucault begins his history in the Middle Ages, noting the social and physical exclusion of lepers. He argues that with the gradual disappearance of leprosy, madness came to occupy this excluded position. The ship of fools in the 15th century is a literary version of one such exclusionary practice, the practice of sending mad people away in ships. However, during the Renaissance, madness was regarded as an all-abundant phenomena because humans could not come close to the Reason of God. As Cervantes' Don Quixote, all humans are ridiculous weak to desires and dissimulation. Therefore, the insane, understood as one who has come too close to God's Reason, was accepted in the middle of society. It is not before the 17th century, in a movement which Foucault famously describes as the Great Confinement, that "unreasonable" members of the population systematically were locked away and institutionalised. In the 18th century, madness came to be seen as the obverse of Reason, that is, as having lost what made them human and become animal-like and therefore treated as such. It is not before 19th century that madness became mental illness that should be cured, e.g. Freud. Later it was demonstrated that the large increase in confinement did not happen in 17th but in the 19th century, somewhat undermining his argument.
Foucault also argues that madness during Renaissance had the power to signify the limits of social order and to point to a deeper truth. This was silenced by the Reason of Enlightenment. He also examines the rise of modern scientific and "humanitarian" treatments of the insane, notably at the hands of Philippe Pinel and Samuel Tuke. He claims that these modern treatments were in fact no less controlling than previous methods. Tuke's country retreat for the mad consisted of punishing the madmen until they gave up their commitment to madness. Similarly, Pinel's treatment of the mad amounted to an extended aversion therapy, including such treatments as freezing showers and use of a straitjacket. In Foucault's view, this treatment amounted to repeated brutality until the pattern of judgment and punishment was internalized by the patient.
本书与其说是疯癫的历史,不如说是人性的历史。 疯人,从古至今,其都属于被抛弃的一类人。疯癫如何形成,原因纷繁复杂,但与道德无关。前几个世纪的人总认为疯人的发疯与其道德感的丧失联系密切,把他/她们归为道德沦丧之流。 “理性”的人会把疯人当作...
评分《疯癫与文明》是福柯在巴黎高师的第一篇博士论文。作为一个常年来又搞基又SM又喜欢尝试濒死体验的人,他对“疯癫”二字似乎非常有发言权。——据说在他生前的很多时候,都是在夜晚里磕了药,看着夜空中的漫天星斗如流星般乱舞坠落,然后提笔写下了他很多著名的哲学。 这是一...
评分 评分推翻我三观的其中一本
评分对照中译本,呵呵
评分abridged
评分knowledge creates a milieu of abstract relationships: "the infirmities of wisdom". 如此可見福柯是靠材料說話的。他思想有極其強大的中氣和滲透力,我以為是因為早期材料對他的訓練有極強的grounding (vs. Derrida hardens
评分Once you realize we are all mad, life starts to make sense. 非一句玩笑话而已。
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