米歇爾・福柯,20世紀極富挑戰性和反叛性的法國思想傢。青年時期就學於巴黎高等師範學校,以後曾擔任多所大學的教職。1970年起任法蘭西學院思想係統史教授,直至逝世。 福柯振奮多多數研究緻力於考察具體的曆史,由此開掘齣眾多富有衝擊力的思想主題,從而激烈地批判現代理性話語;同時,福柯的行文風格具有鮮明的文學色彩,講究修辭,飽含激情,這也是他在歐美世界産生巨大影響的一個重要原因。
This was Michel Foucault's first major book, written while he was the Director of the Maison de France in Sweden. It examines ideas, practices, institutions, art and literature relating to madness in Western history.
Foucault begins his history in the Middle Ages, noting the social and physical exclusion of lepers. He argues that with the gradual disappearance of leprosy, madness came to occupy this excluded position. The ship of fools in the 15th century is a literary version of one such exclusionary practice, the practice of sending mad people away in ships. However, during the Renaissance, madness was regarded as an all-abundant phenomena because humans could not come close to the Reason of God. As Cervantes' Don Quixote, all humans are ridiculous weak to desires and dissimulation. Therefore, the insane, understood as one who has come too close to God's Reason, was accepted in the middle of society. It is not before the 17th century, in a movement which Foucault famously describes as the Great Confinement, that "unreasonable" members of the population systematically were locked away and institutionalised. In the 18th century, madness came to be seen as the obverse of Reason, that is, as having lost what made them human and become animal-like and therefore treated as such. It is not before 19th century that madness became mental illness that should be cured, e.g. Freud. Later it was demonstrated that the large increase in confinement did not happen in 17th but in the 19th century, somewhat undermining his argument.
Foucault also argues that madness during Renaissance had the power to signify the limits of social order and to point to a deeper truth. This was silenced by the Reason of Enlightenment. He also examines the rise of modern scientific and "humanitarian" treatments of the insane, notably at the hands of Philippe Pinel and Samuel Tuke. He claims that these modern treatments were in fact no less controlling than previous methods. Tuke's country retreat for the mad consisted of punishing the madmen until they gave up their commitment to madness. Similarly, Pinel's treatment of the mad amounted to an extended aversion therapy, including such treatments as freezing showers and use of a straitjacket. In Foucault's view, this treatment amounted to repeated brutality until the pattern of judgment and punishment was internalized by the patient.
47年前,一个不循规蹈矩的人,写了一本不循规蹈矩的书。今天,对于思想需要呼吸自由新鲜空气的我们来说,这本书仍然值得一读。这个人,是法国思想家福柯;这本书,是他的博士论文和成名作——《疯癫与文明——理性时代的疯癫史》。 一、读 书 用福柯自己说过的一句话可以...
評分 評分“疯癫不是一种自然现象,而是一种文明产物。”米歇尔•福柯如是说。 作为一种社会现象,在我们意识到这一切是如何发生以前,疯癫已被贴上羞耻的劣等的疾病标签,遭到健全理智主宰的现代世界的无情驱逐,于理性之光无法照耀的永夜,沉默着悲欢。而文化现象中的疯癫,却如尼...
評分福柯的钥匙 一次要感谢无规可循的阅读,在各种后现代理论著作被大量翻译引进之际,在福柯被如日中天地炒作,“人之死”,“解构”,“身体—权力”等字眼以疯癫的频率出现于各种大报小刊之时,我幸运的读到了这本《疯癫与文明》。据说,在福柯这颗20世纪最伟大的头脑中产生了...
評分本书与其说是疯癫的历史,不如说是人性的历史。 疯人,从古至今,其都属于被抛弃的一类人。疯癫如何形成,原因纷繁复杂,但与道德无关。前几个世纪的人总认为疯人的发疯与其道德感的丧失联系密切,把他/她们归为道德沦丧之流。 “理性”的人会把疯人当作...
我讀福柯更多時候是把他當論文寫作修辭學的範本來讀,一個能在一段話開頭做一個隱喻而且在漫長的段尾還能迴應這個隱喻的頭腦在寫作的時候一定是部精準得嚇人的機器。
评分好玩
评分不是福柯最好的一本,但是我最愛的一本。不管福柯以後如何老辣狡猾,這本的年少銳氣和激情,終成絕響。
评分Foucault's madness is equivalent to Durkheim's anomie, except that Durkheim is more explicit about the changing boundary of deviance. Again,saw many words on spectacle, prison, alienated, illness, power, which were not defined clearly and disguised under his fancy literary narratives. Did not get his admiration toward the static Freud either. Chris
评分Once you realize we are all mad, life starts to make sense. 非一句玩笑話而已。
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