The Evolution of Cooperation pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2026

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出版者:Basic Books

作者:Robert Axelrod

出品人:

页数:264

译者:

出版时间:2006-12-5

价格:USD 16.95

装帧:Paperback

isbn号码:9780465005642

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图书标签:

心理学
博弈论
社会学
进化心理学
英文原版
科普
管理
政治学
合作
演化
博弈论
社会科学
行为科学
群体智能
进化理论
策略互动
系统思维
网络效应

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具体描述

Updated for the first time, the classic book on why cooperation is not only natural but also the best survival strategy The Evolution of Cooperation addresses a simple yet age-old question: If living things evolve through competition, how can cooperation ever emerge? Despite the abundant evidence of cooperation all around us, there existed no purely naturalistic answer to this question until 1979, when Robert Axelrod famously ran a computer tournament featuring a standard game-theory exercise called The Prisoner's Dilemma. To everyone's surprise, the program that won the tournament, named Tit for Tat, was not only the simplest but the most "cooperative" entrant. This unexpected victory proved that cooperation--one might even say altruism--is mathematically possible and therefore needs no hidden hand or divine agent to create and sustain it. A great roadblock to the understanding of all sorts of behavior was at last removed. The updated edition includes an extensive new chapter on cooperation in cancer cells and among terrorist organizations. "This book, if read, grasped and applied, could have a profound effect." ( Wall Street Journal ) "A fascinating, provocative, and important book." (Douglas R. Hofstadter, author of Godel, Escher, Bach )

作者简介

Robert Axelrod is Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan. A MacArthur Prize Fellow, he is a leading expert on game theory, artificial intelligence, evolutionary biology, mathematical modeling, and complexity theory. He lives in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

目录信息

读后感

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什么样的合作策略是最优策略？是最善良的策略，以德抱怨？还是最聪明的策略，机关算尽？或者干脆拒绝合作，永远的背叛？计算机模拟的实验结果的胜出策略确是“一报还一报”，也就是所谓的人不犯我，我不犯人，人若犯我，我必犯人，在尝试了各种各样复杂聪明的策略后，计算机模...

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“一个政治科学家能修改来自计算机科学的工具并因此有贡献于进化生物学，直到今日我仍为此感到高兴。而且居然是性起源的问题！” 这句话出自本书的续作《合作的复杂性》──总之，Axelrod的这两本书，涉及了多个学科的知识，可以编程来玩，而且还科学地推导出一个善的结论，这...

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这本不到200页的小书很像作者的博士学位论文，因为各个章节的编排很有我写的博士论文的样子——不是很系统，是某一个idea在各个领域的应用和延伸思考。这个idea就是：“一报还一报”（英文名Tit for Tat）这样的具有“善良性”、“可激怒性”、“宽容性”、“清晰性”的策...

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We are confronting various kind of social dilemmas in real life. Tension arises when individual interests conflict with collective interests, thus engendering individual rationality may lead to collective irrationality. Actually, as far back as the 17th Cen...

用户评价

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"I never expected to find wisdom or hope for the future of our species in a computer game, but here it is, in Axelrod's book. Read it." —LEWIS THOMAS

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being nice, retaliatory, forgiving, and clear

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"I never expected to find wisdom or hope for the future of our species in a computer game, but here it is, in Axelrod's book. Read it." —LEWIS THOMAS

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takeaways: niceness, forgiveness, retaliatory, clean

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精彩绝伦，引人入胜的小书。从一个随机筛选的电脑博弈游戏出发总结出人类社会合作和演进的可能性，合作产生和维持所需的原则、机制和人类本身及社会政治条件，并通过数据分析和推理证明互惠原则的自我维持功能。用语平实而精到，一战和生物演化例子都很有趣。其中一个假设前提是存在一小个不必然存在相互认同和友谊、但以互惠/以牙还牙为原则的小群体（而不只是合作的两个人）并将这个原则“侵入”到更广大的社群中。但如何形成这个最初群体呢？似乎奥尔森和哈丁的集体行动理论有用武之地了，也更理解为什么哈丁的书到最后会转到讨论合作所需契约形成和执行条件上去。这本书提出的合作理论、非零和博弈、互惠原则等，基本是国际关系中新自由制度主义的核心理念，以一书催生了一派理论和学者。不过新自由制度主义对“演进”部分探讨似乎不足。