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British philosopher, anthropologist and sociologist, self-described Enlightenment rationalist fundamentalist, born to Czech parents in Paris and raised in Prague, where he lived the last few years of his life, and died in 1995. He received a very thorough training in the Wittgensteinian "linguistic" or "ordinary language" philosophy fashionable in Britain (and more particularly Oxford) in the '50s, and found himself quite unable to believe it, so he ran away to become an anthropologist, and studied the Berbers because a mountaineering group at the London School of Economics organized a trip to the Atlas. His first book, Words and Things (1959; preface by Russell, to whom he dedicated his second book) combined a crushing philosophical critique of linguistic philosophy with a sociological analysis of "the narodniks of North Oxford", "an intelligentsia without ideas." It was at once a succès de scandale (probably the only kind Gellner wanted, frankly) and the first real demonstration of his style: a devastating, hilarious combination of learning and intellectual seriousness with verbal play and irreverence, in particular an almost uncanny talent for finding apt, mocking names for things and ideas.
- Nationalism
- 政治学
- 民族主义
- 社会学
- 文化研究
- 比较政治
- 社会
- 国家建设
Nationalism is one of the most powerful forces in the modern world, yet it is surprisingly little studied and only imperfectly understood, either by its adherents or its opponents. Its irruption into the modern world is often explained as a resurgence of primitive, atavistic instincts, or as a delusion fostered by a few theoreticians, politicians or propagandists.
The present volume interprets nationalism in terms of its social roots, which it locates in industrial social organization. A society that aims for affluence and economic growth, Professor Gellner argues, depends on innovation, occupational mobility, mass media, universal literacy, and education in a shared, standard idiom. Taken together these transform the relationship between culture and the state. The functioning of the society depends on an all-embracing educational system, tied to one culture and protected by a state identified with that culture. The principle one state, one culture makes itself felt, and political units which do not conform to it feel the strain in the form of nationalist activity. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Table of Contents
About the Authors vii
About this Edition viii
Editor's Preface to the First Edition R. I. Moore, Founding Editor ix
Acknowledgements for the First Edition xi
Introduction John Breuilly xiii
1 Definitions 1
State and Nation 3
The Nation 5
2 Culture in Agrarian Society 8
Power and Culture in the Agro-literate Polity 9
Culture 11
The State in Agrarian Society 13
The Varieties of Agrarian Rulers 14
3 Industrial Society 19
The Society of Perpetual Growth 23
Social Genetics 29
The Age of Universal High Culture 34
4 The Transition to an Age of Nationalism 38
A Note on the Weakness of Nationalism 42
Wild and Garden Cultures 48
5 What is a Nation? 52
The Course of True Nationalism Never did Run Smooth 57
6 Social Entropy and Equality in Industrial Society 62
Obstacles to Entropy 63
Fissures and Barriers 72
A Diversity of Focus 73
7 A Typology of Nationalisms 85
The Varieties of Nationalist Experience 94
Diaspora Nationalism 98
8 The Future of Nationalism 106
Industrial Culture - One or Many? 110
9 Nationalism and Ideology 118
Who is for Nuremberg? 125
One Nation, One State 128
10 Conclusion 131
What is not being Said 131
Summary 133
具体描述
读后感
Benedict Anderson在《想象的共同體》新版序言中說，Earnest Gellner的Nation and Nationalism代表了功能主義視角研究民族問題，而他自己的作品則是從文化（人的想象）的角度研究。 Nation and Nationalism本版本開頭是Breuilly的介紹，其中梳理了民族主義問題研...
评分 评分作者：西闪 □思想光谱 有人说，民族是一个不证自明的实体。也有人讲，民族是一个想像的共同体。这两种说法巧妙地避开了为民族下一个确切的定义。因为人们发现，民族是一个如此难以把握的对象。尽管语言、人种、领土、宗教或者文化等因素被用来定义民族，但都无法...
评分Benedict Anderson在《想象的共同體》新版序言中說，Earnest Gellner的Nation and Nationalism代表了功能主義視角研究民族問題，而他自己的作品則是從文化（人的想象）的角度研究。 Nation and Nationalism本版本開頭是Breuilly的介紹，其中梳理了民族主義問題研...
用户评价
我的師祖Gellner先生。
评分是我现在为止最喜欢的有关民族主义的读本。对Ernest的文字有着天然的喜爱。
评分Introduction: conceptual, empirical and explanatory criticisms. 在理。23, nationalism emerged in the transition from agrarian society to industrial one. Functionalist analysis. 一种可能性：提到的要素（eg. mass education）转化成解释民族主义起源的其他理论，跳脱结构主义框架。#w2
评分是我现在为止最喜欢的有关民族主义的读本。对Ernest的文字有着天然的喜爱。
评分将国家定义为一个社会中垄断了合法暴力的中介（追随韦伯），且该中介与社会生活的其余部分分开。没有国家，也就没有民族主义的问题。民族的形成有两种说法，共享文化说和意志说（同民族的人认识到相互间的权利和义务）。在农耕社会，上层统治者只关心征税和社会稳定，不会将其独占的高等文化强行推广至底层；自进入工业时代以来，社会结构的流动增加，思想上推崇一以贯之，运作上追求效率，统治阶层的文化垄断被打破，教育变得通识化、标准化，一方面得以普及业已高度同质化的文化，另一方面以便在通识基础上快速高效地输出专业人才。民族主义本质上是虚弱的（需要外力庇佑），且很难获得切实有效的政治表述。民族主义不是靠唤醒那些假定存在、有如神话的政治单元方得成型，而是一种新单元的结晶，尽管它需要求助于传统文化遗产。是民族主义催生了民族。
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