Thinking, Fast and Slow

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出版者:Farrar, Straus and Giroux
作者:[美] Daniel Kahneman
出品人:
页数:512
译者:
出版时间:2011-10-25
价格:USD 30.00
装帧:Paperback
isbn号码:9780374275631
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 心理学
  • 思维
  • 判断与决策
  • Psychology
  • DanielKahneman
  • 决策与判断
  • 心理
  • 经济学
  • 思维
  • 认知
  • 决策
  • 心理学
  • 行为
  • 经济学
  • 思维模式
  • 判断
  • 偏见
  • 理性
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具体描述

Major New York Times bestseller

Winner of the National Academy of Sciences Best Book Award in 2012

Selected by the New York Times Book Review as one of the best books of 2011

A Globe and Mail Best Books of the Year 2011 Title

One of The Economist’s 2011 Books of the Year

One of The Wall Street Journal's Best Nonfiction Books of the Year 2011

In the international bestseller, Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman, the renowned psychologist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, takes us on a groundbreaking tour of the mind and explains the two systems that drive the way we think. System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The impact of overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the profound effect of cognitive biases on everything from playing the stock market to planning our next vacation—each of these can be understood only by knowing how the two systems shape our judgments and decisions.

Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, Kahneman reveals where we can and cannot trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking. He offers practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both our business and our personal lives—and how we can use different techniques to guard against the mental glitches that often get us into trouble. Winner of the National Academy of Sciences Best Book Award and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize and selected by The New York Times Book Review as one of the ten best books of 2011, Thinking, Fast and Slow is destined to be a classic.

One of the New York Times Book Review's Top 10 Books of 2011

Editorial Reviews

Amazon.com Review

Amazon Best Books of the Month, November 2011: Drawing on decades of research in psychology that resulted in a Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, Daniel Kahneman takes readers on an exploration of what influences thought example by example, sometimes with unlikely word pairs like "vomit and banana." System 1 and System 2, the fast and slow types of thinking, become characters that illustrate the psychology behind things we think we understand but really don't, such as intuition. Kahneman's transparent and careful treatment of his subject has the potential to change how we think, not just about thinking, but about how we live our lives. Thinking, Fast and Slow gives deep--and sometimes frightening--insight about what goes on inside our heads: the psychological basis for reactions, judgments, recognition, choices, conclusions, and much more. --JoVon Sotak

Review

“A tour de force. . . Kahneman’s book is a must read for anyone interested in either human behavior or investing. He clearly shows that while we like to think of ourselves as rational in our decision making, the truth is we are subject to many biases. At least being aware of them will give you a better chance of avoiding them, or at least making fewer of them.”—Larry Swedroe, CBS News

“Daniel Kahneman demonstrates forcefully in his new book, Thinking, Fast and Slow, how easy it is for humans to swerve away from rationality.”—Christopher Shea, The Washington Post

“An outstanding book, distinguished by beauty and clarity of detail, precision of presentation and gentleness of manner. Its truths are open to all those whose System 2 is not completely defunct. I have hardly touched on its richness.”— Galen Strawson, The Guardian

“Brilliant . . . It is impossible to exaggerate the importance of Daniel Kahneman’s contribution to the understanding of the way we think and choose. He stands among the giants, a weaver of the threads of Charles Darwin, Adam Smith and Sigmund Freud. Arguably the most important psychologist in history, Kahneman has reshaped cognitive psychology, the analysis of rationality and reason, the understanding of risk and the study of happiness and well-being . . . A magisterial work, stunning in its ambition, infused with knowledge, laced with wisdom, informed by modesty and deeply humane. If you can read only one book this year, read this one.”— Janice Gross Stein, The Globe and Mail

“A sweeping, compelling tale of just how easily our brains are bamboozled, bringing in both his own research and that of numerous psychologists, economists, and other experts...Kahneman has a remarkable ability to take decades worth of research and distill from it what would be important and interesting for a lay audience...Thinking, Fast and Slow is an immensely important book. Many science books are uneven, with a useful or interesting chapter too often followed by a dull one. Not so here. With rare exceptions, the entire span of this weighty book is fascinating and applicable to day-to-day life. Everyone should read Thinking, Fast and Slow.” —Jesse Singal, Boston Globe

“We must be grateful to Kahneman for giving us in this book a joyful understanding of the practical side of our personalities.” —Freeman Dyson, The New York Review of Books

“Brilliant . . . It is impossible to exaggerate the importance of Daniel Kahneman’s contribution to the understanding of the way we think and choose. He stands among the giants, a weaver of the threads of Charles Darwin, Adam Smith and Sigmund Freud. Arguably the most important psychologist in history, Kahneman has reshaped cognitive psychology, the analysis of rationality and reason, the understanding of risk and the study of happiness and well-being . . . A magisterial work, stunning in its ambition, infused with knowledge, laced with wisdom, informed by modesty and deeply humane. If you can read only one book this year, read this one.” — Janice Gross Stein, The Globe and Mail

“It is an astonishingly rich book: lucid, profound, full of intellectual surprises and self-help value. It is consistently entertaining and frequently touching, especially when Kahneman is recounting his collaboration with Tversky . . . So impressive is its vision of flawed human reason that the New York Times columnist David Brooks recently declared that Kahneman and Tversky’s work ‘will be remembered hundreds of years from now,’ and that it is ‘a crucial pivot point in the way we see ourselves.’ They are, Brooks said, ‘like the Lewis and Clark of the mind’ . . . By the time I got to the end of Thinking, Fast and Slow, my skeptical frown had long since given way to a grin of intellectual satisfaction. Appraising the book by the peak-end rule, I overconfidently urge everyone to buy and read it. But for those who are merely interested in Kahenman’s takeaway on the Malcolm Gladwell question it is this: If you've had 10,000 hours of training in a predictable, rapid-feedback environment—chess, firefighting, anesthesiology—then blink. In all other cases, think.”—The New York Times Book Review

“Ask around and you hear pretty much the same thing. 'Kahneman is the most influential psychologist since Sigmund Freud,' says Christopher Chabris, a professor of psychology at Union College, in New York. 'No one else has had such a broad impact on so many fields' . . . It now seems inevitable that Kahneman, who made his reputation by ignoring or defying conventional wisdom, is about to be anointed the intellectual guru of our economically irrational times.”— Evan R. Goldstein, The Chronicle of Higher Education

“There have been many good books on human rationality and irrationality, but only one masterpiece. That masterpiece is Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking, Fast and Slow . . . This is one of the greatest and most engaging collections of insights into the human mind I have read.”—William Easterly, Financial Times

“[Thinking, Fast and Slow] is wonderful, of course. To anyone with the slightest interest in the workings of his own mind, it is so rich and fascinating that any summary would seem absurd.”— Michael Lewis, Vanity Fair

“Absorbingly articulate and infinitely intelligent . . . What's most enjoyable and compelling about Thinking, Fast and Slow is that it's so utterly, refreshingly anti-Gladwellian. There is nothing pop about Kahneman's psychology, no formulaic story arc, no beating you over the head with an artificial, buzzword-encrusted Big Idea. It's just the wisdom that comes from five decades of honest, rigorous scientific work, delivered humbly yet brilliantly, in a way that will forever change the way you think about thinking.”—Maria Popova, The Atlantic

“I will never think about thinking quite the same. [Thinking, Fast and Slow] is a monumental achievement.”—Roger Lowenstein, Bloomberg/Businessweek

“Profound . . . As Copernicus removed the Earth from the centre of the universe and Darwin knocked humans off their biological perch, Mr. Kahneman has shown that we are not the paragons of reason we assume ourselves to be.” —The Economist

“[Kahneman’s] disarmingly simple experiments have profoundly changed the way that we think about thinking . . . We like to see ourselves as a Promethean species, uniquely endowed with the gift of reason. But Mr. Kahneman’s simple experiments reveal a very different mind, stuffed full of habits that, in most situations, lead us astray.” —Jonah Lehrer, The Wall Street Journal

“[A] tour de force of psychological insight, research explication and compelling narrative that brings together in one volume the high points of Mr. Kahneman's notable contributions, over five decades, to the study of human judgment, decision-making and choice . . . Thanks to the elegance and force of his ideas, and the robustness of the evidence he offers for them, he has helped us to a new understanding of our divided minds—and our whole selves.” —Christoper F. Chabris, The Wall Street Journal

“The ramifications of Kahenman’s work are wide, extending into education, business, marketing, politics . . . and even happiness research. Call his field “psychonomics,” the hidden reasoning behind our choices. Thinking, Fast and Slow is essential reading for anyone with a mind.” —Kyle Smith, The New York Post

“A major intellectual event . . . The work of Kahneman and Tversky was a crucial pivot point in the way we see ourselves.” —David Brooks, The New York Times

“Kahneman provides a detailed, yet accessible, description of the psychological mechanisms involved in making decisions.” —Jacek Debiec, Nature

“With Kahneman’s expert help, readers may understand this mix of psychology and economics better than most accountants, therapists, or elected representatives. VERDICT A stellar accomplishment, a book for everyone who likes to think and wants to do it better.” —Library Journal

“The mind is a hilariously muddled compromise between incompatible modes of thought in this fascinating treatise by a giant in the field of decision research. Nobel-winning psychologist Kahneman (Attention and Effort) posits a brain governed by two clashing decision-making processes. The largely unconscious System 1, he contends, makes intuitive snap judgments based on emotion, memory, and hard-wired rules of thumb; the painfully conscious System 2 laboriously checks the facts and does the math, but is so "lazy" and distractible that it usually defers to System 1. Kahneman uses this scheme to frame a scintillating discussion of his findings in cognitive psychology and behavioral economics, and of the ingenious experiments that tease out the irrational, self-contradictory logics that underlie our choices. We learn why we mistake statistical noise for cohere...

迷宫之钥:探索人类决策与认知的隐秘路径 (本书不涉及“思考,快与慢”的主题或内容) 导言:心智的边界与日常的悖论 人类是理性的动物,这是一个古老的哲学命题。然而,当我们审视日常生活的细枝末节——从早晨选择穿哪件衣服,到重大投资时犹豫不决的片刻——我们会发现,理性往往在重重迷雾中蹒跚。我们自认为在清晰的逻辑框架下行动,但究竟有多少决策是真正“深思熟虑”的结果?又有多少,是被我们意识深处那些看不见的河流裹挟而去? 《迷宫之钥》并非一本关于认知心理学的教科书,它更像是一份对人类心智运作机制的深度田野考察报告。我们拒绝将人类简化为纯粹的计算机器,转而深入探讨那些塑造我们判断、驱动我们选择的复杂、非线性和常常自相矛盾的内在系统。本书试图拆解我们如何在信息爆炸的时代进行过滤、建构和遗忘,揭示我们如何通过叙事来安抚那个需要确定性的自我。 第一部分:锚点与视角的陷阱——信息建构的艺术 我们如何看待世界,很大程度上取决于我们从哪个角度切入。本部分聚焦于“框架效应”——并非指经济学中的框架,而是指认知起点对后续判断的决定性影响。 第一章:初始烙印与路径依赖 在信息输入的最初阶段,一个微小的、看似无关紧要的“锚点”——无论是最初的报价、第一次见面的印象,还是童年记忆的片段——都会对后续的评估产生不可磨灭的影响。本书通过对多个社会学实验的重构分析,展示了这种“初始烙印”如何固化我们的认知模式,即使有新的、更有力的证据出现,我们也倾向于围绕那个最初的锚点进行微调,而非彻底重塑认知。我们将探讨路径依赖在个人职业生涯选择和文化传承中的微妙作用,揭示为何改变根深蒂固的习惯如此困难,即便改变对我们有利。 第二章:能见度与现实的扭曲 人类大脑偏爱那些容易被提取的记忆和信息,这导致了对“显著事件”的过度重视。那些清晰、生动、具有情感冲击力的事件(例如,近期发生的空难或媒体广泛报道的成功案例)在我们的决策天平上占据了不成比例的重量,而那些概率极低但影响深远的基础性风险(如长期气候变化或系统性金融风险)则常常被忽略。本章深入分析了媒体生态如何放大某些信息,并探讨了这种“能见度偏差”如何影响公共政策的制定和个人风险评估的准确性。我们研究的重点是:我们如何通过过滤掉“无聊”的信息,来构建一个更具戏剧性但也更失真的世界模型。 第二部分:动机的幽灵——情感、身份与认知的交织 真正的决策往往不是纯粹的计算,而是深层动机的表达。本部分关注身份认同、群体归属感以及情感驱动力如何潜移默化地重塑我们的“逻辑”。 第三章:社群的共识与个体异议的代价 人类是社会性动物,对归属感的追求是刻在基因里的本能。当群体内部形成统一意见时,个体为了维持和谐或避免被排斥,会主动压抑或修改自己的真实判断。本书探讨了“从众效应”背后的复杂机制,包括信息性影响(相信群体知道更多)和规范性影响(渴望被接纳)。我们将分析在高度极化的社会环境中,个体如何面临“理性的自我”与“安全的自我”之间的冲突,以及这种冲突如何导致集体性的错误判断,例如对新兴技术的盲目乐观或对政治人物的过度神化。 第四章:自我服务的叙事与认知失调的维护 我们对“我是谁”的定义是脆弱且需要不断维护的。当我们的行为与我们对自身理想形象的认知发生冲突时,我们的大脑会启动精密的防御机制,即“认知失调”。本书详细剖析了人们如何通过事后合理化、选择性记忆或攻击反对意见的来源,来维护一个自洽的、积极的自我形象。研究对象包括消费者为昂贵的购买行为辩护、知识分子为自己早期的错误立场辩护等现象。我们发现,这种“自我服务”的叙事,是人类最强大的认知驱动力之一,它确保我们每天醒来时,依然能对自己昨天的决定感到满意。 第三部分:时间之外的视野——延迟满足与未来自我的疏离 人类在时间维度上的处理能力是有限的。我们往往将“未来的自己”视为一个与“现在的自己”略有不同的陌生人,从而产生对未来福祉的折扣。 第五章:即时满足的诱惑与价值的稀释 本章深入探讨了“时间偏好”的经济学和心理学基础。为什么今天的一百元钱比明天的一百零五元更有吸引力?本书将这种倾向归因于对“未来不确定性”的恐惧和对“当下体验”的强烈需求。我们分析了消费主义文化如何利用这种时间上的不平等偏好,设计出各种金融产品和营销策略,鼓励人们用未来的资源来换取即时的快感。同时,我们也探讨了那些需要长期投入但回报遥远的领域(如基础科学研究、环境保护)为何总是难以获得足够的资源和关注。 第六章:宏大叙事与可操作性的缺失 面对气候危机、全球贫富差距等复杂的“宏大问题”,人类常常感到无力和麻木。这种无力感源于问题本身的规模和抽象性,使得个体难以找到明确、可执行的行动路径。本书指出,当信息过于庞大、解决方案过于分散时,大脑倾向于将其归类为“无法解决”的范畴,从而引发一种“有效性缺失”的倦怠。我们研究了个体如何通过关注邻里的微小善举,或沉浸于高度可控的爱好中,来暂时逃离这种宏大叙事的压迫感。 结语:在不确定性中导航 《迷宫之钥》的目的并非提供一套简单的决策规则——因为在人类经验的复杂性面前,任何规则都可能是脆弱的。相反,它提供了一张通往内在迷宫的地图,帮助读者识别自己心智运作的固有偏见、情感的牵引力和社会环境的塑造力。真正的智慧,或许不是消除所有的“非理性”,而是理解这些非理性的来源,学会在已知框架之外,保持一份必要的谦逊和审视的眼光,从而更诚实地面对每一个选择。

作者简介

Daniel Kahneman is Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Princeton University and a professor of public affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He received the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his pioneering work with Amos Tversky on decision-making.

目录信息

Introduction 3
Part I Two Systems
1 The Characters of the Story 19
2 Attention and Effort 31
3 The Lazy Controller 39
4 The Associative Machine 50
5 Cognitive Ease 59
6 Norms, Surprises, and Causes 71
7 A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions 79
8 How Judgments Happen 89
9 Answering an Easier Question 97
Part II Heuristics and Biases
10 The Law of Small Numbers 109
11 Anchors 119
12 The Science of Availability 129
13 Availability, Emotion, and Risk 137
14 Tom W's Specialty 146
15 Linda: Less is More 156
16 Causes Trump Statistics 166
17 Regression to the Mean 175
18 Taming Intuitive Predictions 185
Part III Overconfidence
19 The Illusion of Understanding 199
20 The Illusion of Validity 209
21 Intuitions vs. Formulas 222
22 Expert intuition: when can we trust it? 234
23 The Outside View 245
24 The Engine of Capitalism 255
Part IV Choices
25 Bernoulli's Errors 269
26 Prospect Theory 278
27 The Endowment Effect 289
28 Bad Events 300
29 The Fourfold Pattern 310
30 Rare Events 320
31 Risk Policies 334
32 Keeping Score 342
33 Reversals 353
34 Frames and Reality 363
Part V Two Selves
35 Two Selves 377
36 Life as a Story 386
37 Experienced Well-Being 391
38 Thinking about Life 398
Conclusions 408
Appendix A Judgment Under Uncertainty 419
Appendix B Choices, Values, and Frames 433
Notes 449
Acknowledgments 483
Index 485
· · · · · · (收起)

读后感

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相见恨晚的好书。 读得较慢,两天读完首遍,因为要大量思考,但是,思考仍然不够,如@秋叶语录 所说,应该边做练习边读,还要再读、练习,并且要复习很多书,比如《Blink》、《混序》、《第五项修炼》等。先读一遍,有概括性认识,再精读。 这本书是集大成者,颠覆了很多以前...  

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近日拜读了卡尼曼的《思考,快与慢》,大有收获,列举几个投资中易犯的心理学谬误: 1、忽略先验概率 心理学谬误:人们在做判断的时候总是会忽略先验概率。举个例子吧,你看到有人在阅读《金融时报》,你认为下列那种情况可能性更大: a:他是金融界人士 b:他是工业界...  

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人生就是一场巨大的考验,每个人每天不得不在众多的选择中做出自己的决策,当然我们都认为自己做出了恰当合理的选择,在传统经济学家看来,是因为我们每个人都是理性而自私的,必然以自我的经济利益最大化为目标,如果换做货币来衡量,那就是收入,从来没有人怀疑这一已经通俗...  

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随着科学研究的发展,我们不断发现,人本身是一个非常复杂的生物,而人类的认知充满了各种各样的误区。如果不能正视这些误区,那么我们将一再发现大大小小各种错误。行为经济学的奠基者、以心理学家身份赢得诺贝尔经济学奖的Daniel Kahneman最近推出的传记/科普《Thinking, Fas...  

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生活中心/台北報導 不少民眾最近在網路上流傳,知名學者洪蘭翻譯的暢銷書《快思慢想》,因為翻譯錯誤太多,迫使誠品及出版商天下文化同意退書,求證業者坦承最近確實收到退書要求,但不論是誠品還是天下文化都只接受依照個案判斷消費者拿到的是不是瑕疵書,否則最多提供換書服...  

用户评价

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翻开这本书,我立刻被作者流畅而又引人入胜的叙述风格所吸引。他能够将复杂的心理学理论,用生动形象的语言表达出来,仿佛在我眼前上演一幕幕关于人类思维的精彩剧目。他善于运用各种有趣的实验和真实生活中的案例,来佐证他的观点,这些案例都极具说服力,并且很容易引起我的共鸣。我尤其喜欢他对“直觉”和“理性”这两种思维模式的描绘,他将它们比喻为两个“系统”,一个系统行动迅速,依靠情感和经验,另一个系统则缓慢、系统化,需要投入精力。这种生动的比喻,让我对抽象的心理学概念有了直观的理解。我开始反思自己日常生活中,有多少决定是由第一个系统主导的,有多少则经过了第二个系统的深思熟虑。这本书让我开始审视自己那些“下意识”的反应,那些看似理所当然的选择,是否真的如我所想的那样合理。我发现,很多时候,我们对自己的认知能力和判断力过于自信,却忽略了隐藏在潜意识中的各种偏见和认知偏差。这本书就像一面镜子,照出了我思维中的盲点,让我看到自己是如何被各种因素所影响,而浑然不知。

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随着阅读的深入,我越发觉得这本书的内容具有强大的启发性。作者提出的“启发法”和“偏见”的概念,让我对人类决策过程中可能出现的系统性错误有了全新的认识。他解释了为什么我们在面对一些概率问题时,会倾向于犯错,为什么我们会过度相信那些看似可靠的信息,即使它们可能存在误导性。这种对人类思维局限性的深刻剖析,并非是为了否定我们的能力,反而是为了帮助我们认识到这些局限,从而采取措施来规避。我开始注意到,在日常生活中,许多广告、新闻报道,甚至我们与他人的沟通方式,都可能在不经意间利用了这些认知偏差。理解了这些机制,我仿佛拥有了一双“慧眼”,能够辨别出那些试图影响我判断的潜在因素。我开始警惕那些过于简单化的解释,那些情绪化的语言,那些貌似“聪明”的捷径。我明白了,真正的智慧,往往来自于对复杂性的承认,以及愿意投入时间和精力去进行深入思考。这本书不仅提供知识,更重要的是,它教会了我如何用更批判性的眼光去审视信息,如何更审慎地做出决策。

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这本书的封面设计非常吸引人,那种沉静而又充满力量的字体,仿佛直接指向了我的内心深处,让我迫不及待地想知道它究竟要讲述什么。拿到手的那一刻,它的厚度也让我感受到沉甸甸的知识感,期待能从中获得深刻的启发。我一直对人类思维的运作方式充满好奇,总觉得我们大脑里隐藏着许多未知的机制,影响着我们的决策,塑造着我们的认知。这本书的名字,"思考,快与慢",精准地抓住了我想要探索的核心,它暗示着在我们看似理性的思考背后,可能存在着两种截然不同的运作模式,一种是迅速、直觉的,另一种则是缓慢、审慎的。这种二元性的概念让我着迷,因为它似乎能解释很多我生活中遇到过的困惑,比如为什么有时候我会凭着一股冲动做出决定,事后又后悔不已?为什么在面对复杂问题时,大脑会自动倾向于简化,从而忽略掉一些重要的细节?我渴望能通过这本书,深入了解这两种思维模式的特点、它们是如何相互作用的,以及如何才能更好地驾驭它们,从而做出更明智的选择,更有效地认识世界。这本书不仅仅是一本关于思维的书,在我看来,它更像是一本关于认识我们自身的指南,一本帮助我们揭开内心奥秘的钥匙。

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最后,我想说,这本书对我而言,是一次心灵的洗礼,更是一次智识的启蒙。作者以其深厚的学养和精妙的笔触,为我打开了一扇通往更深层次理解自己的大门。他让我看到了思维的奥秘,也让我认识到了人类的局限。他鼓励我拥抱理性,但又不排斥直觉;他让我警惕偏见,但也承认人类情感的价值。这本书的阅读体验,是一种持续的惊喜和顿悟,它让我不断地反思,不断地学习,不断地成长。我感觉自己仿佛获得了一种新的视角,一种能够穿透表象,直达事物本质的视角。这本书不仅仅是一本读物,它更像是一位良师益友,在我人生的道路上,给予我持续的指导和启发。

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从这本书中,我学到的最重要的一点,或许是对“群体思维”和“社会认同”的深刻理解。作者通过生动的例子,阐述了人们是如何在集体环境中,倾向于模仿他人的行为,甚至放弃自己的独立判断。这种对“群集效应”的分析,让我对许多社会现象有了更清晰的认识,比如流行趋势的形成、金融市场的泡沫,以及一些非理性的集体行为。我开始反思,在某些时候,我是否也曾因为“大家都这样做”而盲目跟从,而忽略了去独立思考?这种对社会影响力的认知,让我更加珍惜和捍卫自己的独立思考能力。它鼓励我们,在面对群体压力时,要勇敢地站出来,质疑那些看似合理的共识,并且相信自己独立判断的价值。

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这本书让我深刻地体会到,我们并非一直是我们以为的那种理性的决策者。作者笔下对“损失厌恶”的描述,让我立刻想起了自己曾经在面对风险时,那种宁可错失机会也不愿承受损失的心态。他通过一系列实验,清晰地展示了人们在面对收益和损失时的非对称反应。这种理解,让我开始反思自己在投资、工作,甚至人际关系中的一些选择。是不是因为我过于害怕失败,而错过了很多可能成功的机会?是不是因为我过分关注失去,而忽略了可能获得的巨大收益?这本书帮助我识别出了这种思维模式,并且提供了一种更客观的视角来审视它们。它并非要我们变得冷酷无情,而是要我们认识到,在做出重要决定时,情绪的干扰是真实存在的,并且往往比我们想象的要大。我开始尝试在做决定前,主动思考一下,我是否受到了“损失厌恶”的影响,我是否过于看重眼前的“小确幸”,而忽略了长远的“大目标”。这种自我反思,让我感觉自己在思维的旅途上,又前进了一大步。

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这本书的内容,让我对“故事”在人类思维中的作用有了全新的理解。作者指出,我们的大脑喜欢故事,并且会不自觉地将零散的信息编织成连贯的叙事,即使这些叙事可能并不完全真实。这种对“叙事偏误”的解释,让我开始审视我所接收到的各种信息,包括新闻报道、个人经历,甚至我们自己对过去的记忆。我们是不是常常会为了让生活显得更有意义,而刻意地为过去的事件赋予一种“必然性”?我们是不是会因为某个故事更吸引人,而忽略了那些更真实但可能更枯燥的事实?这种对叙事力量的认知,让我开始更加警惕那些过度美化或丑化的故事,并且尝试去寻找故事背后隐藏的真实逻辑。它让我明白,理性的思考,需要我们剥离故事的外壳,去看到其核心的真相。

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这本书的价值,不仅在于它提供了丰富的心理学知识,更在于它提供了一种深刻的自我认知工具。作者通过对“锚定效应”和“框架效应”等概念的阐释,让我意识到,我们对事物的看法,往往取决于我们如何看待它们,以及它们如何呈现给我们。这种对“框架”的理解,让我开始主动地去改变我看待问题的方式。我不再仅仅关注事情的负面,而是尝试去发现其中蕴含的积极意义;我不再仅仅看到事物的阻碍,而是去寻找克服它们的可能性。这种思维的转换,让我感觉到一种前所未有的力量,仿佛我能够重新定义我的生活,我的选择,以及我的未来。

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这本书最让我印象深刻的,是它对“过度自信”现象的细致描绘。作者通过大量案例和研究,揭示了人们普遍存在的“我比别人更聪明”、“我比别人更了解情况”的倾向。这种过度自信,常常导致我们在行动前,低估了风险,高估了自己的能力,最终走向失败。我开始反思自己过去的一些项目,是不是因为过于自信,而忽略了关键的准备工作?是不是因为觉得自己已经掌握了足够的信息,而拒绝了来自他人的善意提醒?这本书让我认识到,谦逊和审慎,才是通往成功的真正基石。它鼓励我们保持一种“我不确定”的心态,时刻对自己的判断保持警惕,并主动去寻求更多的信息和反馈。这种对自身局限性的坦诚承认,本身就是一种巨大的进步。我感觉自己仿佛被唤醒了一般,开始更加理性地评估自己的能力,更加谨慎地对待每一次决定。

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在阅读的过程中,我惊喜地发现,作者不仅仅是一位心理学家,更像是一位优秀的叙事者。他能够将科学研究的严谨性与文学作品的感染力完美结合,让我在享受阅读乐趣的同时,也获得了深刻的知识。他对“锚定效应”的解释,让我回想起自己购物时的经历,我总是容易被商家的“原价”和“折扣价”所迷惑,从而觉得自己捡到了便宜。作者指出,这种“锚定”可能是一种强大的心理暗示,它会影响我们对商品价值的判断。这种对细微心理机制的洞察,让我感到非常震撼。我开始意识到,原来在我们看似自由的选择背后,可能隐藏着如此多的“预设”和“引导”。理解了这些,我便能更主动地摆脱这些“锚定”的影响,更客观地评估事物的真正价值。这本书给我带来的,不仅仅是知识的增加,更是思维方式的重塑,让我学会从更深层次去理解自己和周围的世界。

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之前当然已经对其中的一些研究有所了解。但作为著者学术生涯的总结,必须读。印象比较深的是关于专家判断与简单算法可靠性的比较,以及专家判断何种情况下值得相信的部分。

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1,这书是一个武器库。2,一览众山小。

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之前当然已经对其中的一些研究有所了解。但作为著者学术生涯的总结,必须读。印象比较深的是关于专家判断与简单算法可靠性的比较,以及专家判断何种情况下值得相信的部分。

评分

之前当然已经对其中的一些研究有所了解。但作为著者学术生涯的总结,必须读。印象比较深的是关于专家判断与简单算法可靠性的比较,以及专家判断何种情况下值得相信的部分。

评分

之前当然已经对其中的一些研究有所了解。但作为著者学术生涯的总结,必须读。印象比较深的是关于专家判断与简单算法可靠性的比较,以及专家判断何种情况下值得相信的部分。

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