Leviathan 在线电子书 图书标签: 霍布斯 政治哲学 Hobbes 政治学 哲学 政治 利维坦 Politics
发表于2024-05-17
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太厉害了 legal theory值得好好反复看
评分太长了,计划今年啃 === 划掉今年 === 好多论点都有点过时了,一个他们那时代的认识论和政治百科全书吧算是。以后再也不读这种大部头的外文版了,太累了,而且读着后面忘着前面。
评分And how is he desperate yet hopeful about human condition all the times, how his agony and conflicts show from these letters.
评分为了搞掉教会的权势,霍布斯不惜一切手段构成这个绝对奇异绝对反常识的绝对国家主义。甚至抛出了只要有faith in Jesus and obedience to God,圣经怎么解读不重要的激进论断。从他几乎不可能实现的政治体系中(当今中国maybe?),也展露出很多延续到今天的政治和法律理念。很带劲的书!
评分And how is he desperate yet hopeful about human condition all the times, how his agony and conflicts show from these letters.
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was born in Malmesbury. Entering Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1603, he took his degree in 1608 and became tutor to the eldest son of Lord Cavendish of Hardwick, afterwards the Earl of Devonshire; his connection with this family was life-long. His first interest was in the classics, and his first published work a translation of Thucydides, in 1628. An interest in science and philosophy soon developed, heightened by extended travels in Europe in 1629-31 and 1634-37. This led to his great project of a political science. His first verson of this, The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic, was privately circulated in 1640, when Parliament was hotly disputing the king’s powers, and Hobbes fled to Paris, where he stayed for eleven years.
A second version, De Cive, was published in 1642, and the third, Leviathan—the crowning achievement of his political science—in 1651. It was so influential that it came under widespread attack and was in danger of condemnation by the House of Commons. Hobbes perforce lived quietly and published little more on political matters. At the age of eighty-four he composed an autobiography in Latin verse, and within the next three years translated the whole of Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad.
“During the time men live without a common Power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called Warre”
Written during the turmoil of the English Civil War, Leviathan is an ambitious and highly original work of political philosophy. Claiming that man’s essential nature is competitive and selfish, Hobbes formulates the case for a powerful sovereign—or “Leviathan”—to enforce peace and the law, substituting security for the anarchic freedom he believed human beings would otherwise experience. This worldview shocked many of Hobbes’s contemporaries, and his work was publicly burnt for sedition and blasphemy when it was first published. But in his rejection of Aristotle’s view of man as a naturally social being, and in his painstaking analysis of the ways in which society can and should function, Hobbes opened up a whole new world of political science.
Based on the original 1651 text, this edition incorporates Hobbes’s own corrections, while also retaining the original spelling and punctuation, to read with vividness and clarity. C. B. Macpherson’s introduction elucidates one of the most fascinating works of modern philosophy for the general reader.
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
在第三十二章“论基督教体系的政治原理”中,霍布斯首先强调自然理性是上帝的传谕之道的一部分,而传谕之道中的其他部分——超乎理性的东西——尽管无法被自然理性证明或证伪,但其实本质上与自然理性之间不存在冲突。超越理性的东西与理性的东西之间的看似矛盾,只可能是因为...
评分【按语:较之《论公民》,《利维坦》是一部宏大庞杂得多的著作:当有人常常在这里寻觅契约论的雏形,寻求对国家或主权的辩护时,另一些人可能会发现《利维坦》对基督教的理解在今天看来仍然是异端的甚至异教的、让人冒犯的,毫无灵性观念甚至到了粗俗的地步。 事实上,《利维...
评分罗马法规定,有一种罪人,叫做“神圣的人”,其特点在于: (1)他不可被用来祭祀, (2)人人可以杀死他而不被判处谋杀。 其中(1)表明他是神法的例外,(2)表明他是人法的例外。 在古罗马,人法和神法是相互联系在一起的。在人法中处死一个人,必然是作为给神的献祭的,...
评分人的本性是利己,所谓的利他来自两个原因:一是,如果你的利己行为伤害了他人的利益,会遭到他人的打击,这会导致利己的失败,所以有时候为了达到利己的目的,必须利他;二是,一个人利己的能力有限,团结了更多人就有更大的力量来实现利己。 国家和保险公司的性质有点像。我们...
评分一、霍布斯的自由主义者争论 霍布斯《利维坦》的主题,长期被简化为国家机器是因为“一切人反对一切人”才不得已诞生的,又由于霍布斯强调了人受到本能里竞争、荣誉、猜疑(p94)等激情的驱使而斗争,似乎他就成为了个人主义甚至自由主义的代言人(比如本书的一些短评)。 如今...
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