Leviathan pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was born in Malmesbury. Entering Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1603, he took his degree in 1608 and became tutor to the eldest son of Lord Cavendish of Hardwick, afterwards the Earl of Devonshire; his connection with this family was life-long. His first interest was in the classics, and his first published work a translation of Thucydides, in 1628. An interest in science and philosophy soon developed, heightened by extended travels in Europe in 1629-31 and 1634-37. This led to his great project of a political science. His first verson of this, The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic, was privately circulated in 1640, when Parliament was hotly disputing the king’s powers, and Hobbes fled to Paris, where he stayed for eleven years.
A second version, De Cive, was published in 1642, and the third, Leviathan—the crowning achievement of his political science—in 1651. It was so influential that it came under widespread attack and was in danger of condemnation by the House of Commons. Hobbes perforce lived quietly and published little more on political matters. At the age of eighty-four he composed an autobiography in Latin verse, and within the next three years translated the whole of Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad.
- 霍布斯
- 政治哲学
- Hobbes
- 政治学
- 哲学
- 政治
- 利维坦
- Politics
“During the time men live without a common Power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called Warre”
Written during the turmoil of the English Civil War, Leviathan is an ambitious and highly original work of political philosophy. Claiming that man’s essential nature is competitive and selfish, Hobbes formulates the case for a powerful sovereign—or “Leviathan”—to enforce peace and the law, substituting security for the anarchic freedom he believed human beings would otherwise experience. This worldview shocked many of Hobbes’s contemporaries, and his work was publicly burnt for sedition and blasphemy when it was first published. But in his rejection of Aristotle’s view of man as a naturally social being, and in his painstaking analysis of the ways in which society can and should function, Hobbes opened up a whole new world of political science.
Based on the original 1651 text, this edition incorporates Hobbes’s own corrections, while also retaining the original spelling and punctuation, to read with vividness and clarity. C. B. Macpherson’s introduction elucidates one of the most fascinating works of modern philosophy for the general reader.
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
具体描述
读后感
霍布斯的论证非常有逻辑，注意到了很多可能反驳的地方，值得学习。 1.自然状态。（十三章） 霍布斯对自然状态的论证是从人性角度出发的，他认为人有三种欲望，使之争斗：竞争、猜忌、荣誉。 分别代表着利益获得、利益损失（安全）、心理优越。 霍布斯自然状态的前提假设是平等...
评分今天，当我们谈到民主与专制时，恐怕没有人会怀疑两者孰优孰劣。似乎历史已经向我们证明了：专制是邪恶的、落后的、愚昧的象征，民主是正义的、先进的、智慧的象征，民主制度终将取代专制制度。 然而，这样的普世观念是我们自己认真思考后得出的结论吗？这其中是否掺杂有偏见？...
评分霍布斯的论证非常有逻辑，注意到了很多可能反驳的地方，值得学习。 1.自然状态。（十三章） 霍布斯对自然状态的论证是从人性角度出发的，他认为人有三种欲望，使之争斗：竞争、猜忌、荣誉。 分别代表着利益获得、利益损失（安全）、心理优越。 霍布斯自然状态的前提假设是平等...
评分今天翻了一下读书笔记，找到今年9月份的旧稿，时隔两个月后，读了些解读利维坦的文章和书籍，对本文越发不满意，尤其是最后一部分。现在删掉了一些文字，还有将近一万字，发出来给徐驭尧和刘晴过目一下，有时间重新写一篇。又：9月份的时候并不是很了解施特劳斯——当然现在也...
评分人的本性是利己，所谓的利他来自两个原因：一是，如果你的利己行为伤害了他人的利益，会遭到他人的打击，这会导致利己的失败，所以有时候为了达到利己的目的，必须利他；二是，一个人利己的能力有限，团结了更多人就有更大的力量来实现利己。 国家和保险公司的性质有点像。我们...
用户评价
And how is he desperate yet hopeful about human condition all the times, how his agony and conflicts show from these letters.
评分为了搞掉教会的权势，霍布斯不惜一切手段构成这个绝对奇异绝对反常识的绝对国家主义。甚至抛出了只要有faith in Jesus and obedience to God，圣经怎么解读不重要的激进论断。从他几乎不可能实现的政治体系中（当今中国maybe？），也展露出很多延续到今天的政治和法律理念。很带劲的书！
评分就读过的章节言，感觉霍布斯最精彩，也似乎最可信的部分，在于他用一种'工具理性'为国家的正当性作辩护—假如我们要走出互相提防的囚徒困境，那么便要设立一个国家；人性是否'本恶'并非重点，重点是自然状态下我们没有理由相信他人的善意—这似乎确实是一个可以被普遍接受的促使我们设立国家的理由。但令我难以信服的是，'工具理性'是否足以支撑'利维坦'的结构及(出于同样的自利条件)臣民应无条件服从统治的论证？霍布斯似乎还需要一系列的经验性主张都成立才能构成利维坦建立之后我们无条件服从的理由(否则就会重回自然状态！)，而这些主张是否成立需要实证研究支持(而很多根据我们已有的经验证明是错误的)—这大概也是那些'反直觉'的论证不那么精彩的原因。从中可以体会到用'工具理性'作论证进路的优点和局限
评分一周速读...
评分并没有读完整本 只读了13 14 17 18 21…
相关图书
本站所有内容均为互联网搜索引擎提供的公开搜索信息，本站不存储任何数据与内容，任何内容与数据均与本站无关，如有需要请联系相关搜索引擎包括但不限于百度，google,bing,sogou 等
© 2025 book.wenda123.org All Rights Reserved. 图书目录大全 版权所有