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Statements on the translation of literature from Roman times to the 1920s are collected in this book. Arranged thematically around the main topics which recur over the centuries - power, poetics, universe of discourse, language, education - "Translation/History/Culture" contains many texts previously unavailable in English, and translated here for the first time from classical, Medieval, and Renaissance Latin, from French and from German. The text argues that translation commands a central position in the shaping of European literatures and cultures. "Translation/History/Culture" creates a framework for further study of the history of translation in the west by tracing European historical thought about translation, and discussing the topicality of many of the texts included.

General editors’ preface
xi
Preface
xiii
Acknowledgments
xv
Introduction
1
Anne Dacier: from the Introduction to her
translation of theIliad
10
1 The role of ideology in the shaping of a translation
14
Quintus Horatius Flaccus: from the “Letter to the
Pisones,” also known as the Ars Poetica
15
Aurelius Augustinus (Saint Augustine): from “On
the Christian Doctrine”; from the “Letter to Saint
Jerome”
15
Martin Luther: from the “Circular Letter on
Translation”
16
August Wilhelm Schlegel: from the “History of
Romantic Literature”
17
Anne Louise Germaine de Staël: from theWritings
17
Victor Hugo: from the preface to the New
Shakespeare Translation
18
2 The power of patronage
19
John of Trevisa: from the “Dialogue between a
Lord and a Clerk upon Translation,” printed as
the preface to his translation of thePo l y c h ro n i c o n
20
Jean de Brèche de Tours: from the preface to his
translation of Hippocrates.
21
Joachim Du Bellay: from the Défense et illustration de
la langue française
22
Philemon Holland: from the preface to his
translation of Pliny’s The Historie of the World
22
John Dryden: from the “Dedication” to his
translation of theAeneid
24
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: from the “Writings
on Literature”
24
3 Poetics
26
Etienne Dolet: from “On the Way of Translating
Well from One Language Into Another”
27
Antoine Houdar de la Motte: from the preface to his
translation of theIliad
28
Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet): from a Letter to
Anne Dacier
30
August Wilhelm Schlegel: from “Something about
William Shakespeare on the Occasion of Wilhelm
Meister”
30
Edward Fitzgerald: from the preface to the
Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
32
Ulrich von Willamowitz-Moellendorff: from “The
Art of Translation”
33
4 Universe of Discourse
35
Nicolas Perrot d’Ablancourt: from the preface to his
translation of Lucian
35
Jacques Delille: from the preface to his translation of
Virgil’sGeorgics
37
Pierre Le Tourneur: from the preface to his
translation of Young’s Night Thoughts
39
Antoine Prévost, better known as Abbé Prévost:
from the preface to his translation of
Richardson’sPa m e l a
39
Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet): from the Preface
to his translation of Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar
40
John Hookham Frere: from the preface to his
translation of Aristophanes
40
Dillon Wentworth, Earl of Roscommon: from the
Essay on Translated Verse
43
Contents ix
5 Translation, the development of language and
education
46
Marcus Tullius Cicero: from “On the Orator”;
from “On the Limits of Good & Evil”
46
Marcus Fabius Quintilianus: from the “Guide to
Rhetoric”
47
Hieronymus (Saint Jerome): from the “Letter to
Pammachius”
47
Roger Bacon: from “On the Knowledge of
Languages”
49
Juan Luis Vives: from “Versions or Translations”
50
Jacques Pelletier du Mans: from his “Poetics”
52
August Wilhelm Schlegel: from “The Works of
Homer by Johann Heinrich Voss”
54
Percy Bysshe Shelley: from the Defence of Poetry
56
Gaius Caecilius Plinius Secundus: from the
“Letters”
56
Johann Christoph Gottsched: from the “Critical
Poetics”
57
Thomas Carlyle: from “The State of German
Literature”
57
6 The technique of translating
59
Desiderius Erasmus: from the “Letter to William
Warham”
60
Antoine Lemaistre: from the “Rules of French
Translation”
60
George Chapman: from the prefatory texts to his
translation of theIliad
62
Alexander Pope: from the preface to his
translation of theIliad
64
August Wilhelm Schlegel: from the “Letter to
Herrn Reimer”
66
Dante Gabriel Rossetti: from Dante and His Circle
67
Matthew Arnold: from “On Translating Homer”
68
7 Central texts and central cultures
70
Sir Thomas More: from the Confutation of Tyndale’s
Answer
71
From “The Translators to the Reader,” the
preface to the Authorized Version
72
Johann Gottfried Herder: from the “Fragments”
74
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