The Great Divergence 在线电子书 图书标签: 经济史 历史 海外中国研究 大分流 比较经济史 经济 汉学 中国
发表于2024-12-22
The Great Divergence 在线电子书 pdf 下载 txt下载 epub 下载 mobi 下载 2024
上周刚和这哥们吃了饭
评分与王国斌如出一辙但野心更大,把问题推到最终极形态后自然也消亡了讨论。加州学派终极提问“为何同样面对马尔萨斯陷阱的西欧和中国只有一方走上斯密增长/产生了资本主义”,首先如何定义解读马尔萨斯和斯密(和马克思)就决定了对问题走向和意义的判断(增长和发展和突破的分野,西欧普世抑或西欧特例、经济理性、资本主义定义),下来是方法技术上观察何种历史动力,考察何地区和时段,用何指标,指标得出是否同一样东西,最后是定论是否有分野,分野在什么时候。彭氏竭尽所能将所有事情做到了极致:东西方几乎所有重要因素大致相同,西欧是特例甚至更为落后,突破马氏陷阱的可能性同时存在,西欧的落后(人口、环境和制度不早熟)加上地理大发现突破人口和能源桎梏并刺激航海贸易发展催生18世纪分流。随着历史动力在解释中的消亡,问题也不存在了。
评分He wants to provide some "surprising" answer after rejecting previous explanations, but his answer is banal.
评分One very long argument.
评分需要再读!
彭慕兰(Kenneth Pomeranz),美国加利福尼亚大学尔湾分校历史系主任、历史和东亚语言文学教授,加州大学系统世界史研究组主任。其大部分著作围绕着中国和比较经济发展、农村社会变革、环境变革及政府的形成等展开研究,但也著有民间宗教史和家庭结构及性别角色史方面的著作。
The Great Divergence brings new insight to one of the classic questions of history: Why did sustained industrial growth begin in Northwest Europe, despite surprising similarities between advanced areas of Europe and East Asia? As Ken Pomeranz shows, as recently as 1750, parallels between these two parts of the world were very high in life expectancy, consumption, product and factor markets, and the strategies of households. Perhaps most surprisingly, Pomeranz demonstrates that the Chinese and Japanese cores were no worse off ecologically than Western Europe. Core areas throughout the eighteenth-century Old World faced comparable local shortages of land-intensive products, shortages that were only partly resolved by trade.
Pomeranz argues that Europe's nineteenth-century divergence from the Old World owes much to the fortunate location of coal, which substituted for timber. This made Europe's failure to use its land intensively much less of a problem, while allowing growth in energy-intensive industries. Another crucial difference that he notes has to do with trade. Fortuitous global conjunctures made the Americas a greater source of needed primary products for Europe than any Asian periphery. This allowed Northwest Europe to grow dramatically in population, specialize further in manufactures, and remove labor from the land, using increased imports rather than maximizing yields. Together, coal and the New World allowed Europe to grow along resource-intensive, labor-saving paths.
Meanwhile, Asia hit a cul-de-sac. Although the East Asian hinterlands boomed after 1750, both in population and in manufacturing, this growth prevented these peripheral regions from exporting vital resources to the cloth-producing Yangzi Delta. As a result, growth in the core of East Asia's economy essentially stopped, and what growth did exist was forced along labor-intensive, resource-saving paths--paths Europe could have been forced down, too, had it not been for favorable resource stocks from underground and overseas.
帝制时代的中国文明是领先的,然而却在清朝时代走向没落,然后一个掌握了历史规律的阶层通过革命,重新使得中国文明振兴起来。这种历史主义的叙述在波普尔看来是柏拉图的谬误,经过后来的黑格尔、马克思发扬广大,而又通过苏联被引入到了中国。 欧洲处于现在的支配地位是什么...
评分彭慕兰与《大分流》 在中国现代学术史上,关于明清江南经济发展及其性质的研究可谓一直是学者关注的热点,其研究的关怀与温度虽随着政治风浪几经起伏,却一直保持着相当的关注。从三十年代的社会史论战,到建国以来的史学界在意识形态指导下关于资本主义萌芽问题的研究,以及二...
评分彭在《大分流》中最重要的观点,是西欧通过海外殖民,并且率先使用了煤炭,解决了发展中遇到的生态限制。而中国遭遇了同样的生态限制,却在当年没有走上西欧的路。 彭指出,面临发展的生态限制,中国各地区有通过贸易来解决,但因为各地区的发展差异并不大,又没有武力强制,所...
评分周锡瑞老师以前的1500字命题作文,我就不介绍书了。 十年之后,当彭慕兰先生《大分流》一书仍被不断提及和争论时,即便是持反对意见的学者,也不会不承认此书的经典意义。诚如许多学者已经提出的批评那样,我认为彭氏在此书中即便不是刻意“抬升”了中国各方面与西欧不相伯仲...
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